Moth-Eye-Engineered Flexible Films for X-Ray Shielding and Persistent Radiation Warning.

Abstract

Developing flexible radiation detectors that maintain high performance under harsh environmental conditions remains a significant materials challenge. Conventional flexible scintillators often sacrifice either performance or stability. The study designed bioinspired SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺@SiO₂ (SOD@SiO₂) composites, where strong Al─O─Si covalent bonds created a unique moth-eye morphology. SOD@SiO₂ films produced through a scalable electrospinning process demonstrate excellent resistance to water, acids, and alkalis, ensuring stable performance in harsh environments. Their flexibility further enhances applicability in complex 3D structures. Comprehensive testing confirms that these films combine multiple advanced functions, including high X-ray shielding efficiency (99.80% attenuation, equivalent to 0.35 mm Pb), ultrasensitive detection of low-dose rate X-rays (0.43 µGy s^-1), high-resolution X-ray imaging (9.6 lp mm^-1), and prolonged radiation-induced visual warning lasting up to 20 h. This multifunctionality-unachievable with conventional SOD or lead-based protective materials-provides a promising platform for developing next-generation lightweight materials for radiation shielding, detection, and early warning.