Innovative approaches in adsorbent production through pyrolysis of waste biomass: Effective parameters, modifications, and techno-economic analysis

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable waste management solutions and protection of natural resources from pollution has increased interest in effective adsorbents. This study explores recent advancements in producing biochar and activated carbon derived from various waste biomass, including novel pyrolysis methods, such as microwave, flash, and vacuum pyrolysis. Moreover, innovative upgrading processes, such as ultrasound, electrochemical, and plasma modification, were assessed. This article also examines the role of chemical and physical modification in developing optimal pore structures and surface characteristics that improve pollutant removal efficiency. Key parameters that influence the effectiveness of pyrolysis were analyzed, such as temperature, heating rate, residence time, and reactor type. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis is presented, investigating the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of biochar production. This comprehensive overview serves as a foundation for future research to advance the field of waste biomass-derived adsorbents, with potential implications for pollution control and resource recovery.