Harnessing highly abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches biomass as sustainable biopolyol for synthesizing lignin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane

IF 4 3区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s00289-025-05989-9

Al Buchori Nur Fajar, Ozi Adi Saputra, Roshid Adi Nugroho, Agung Lucky Pradita, Fajar Rakhman Wibowo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is a novel class of polyurethane synthesized without toxic diisocyanate compounds, making it a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional polyurethane. Bio-based polyols, such as lignin, offer a sustainable approach to NIPU production. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) represent an abundant and underutilized source of lignin; however, the synthesis of lignin-based NIPU from OPEFB has not yet been widely explored. This study aims to synthesize lignin-based NIPU (LNIPU) from OPEFB through polycondensation between dicarbamates and modified lignin. Lignin modification involved hydroxymethylation and epoxidation, while dicarbamates were synthesized using three types of diamines: ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and decanediamine. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, combined with a deconvolution technique, was used to confirm the formation of functional groups, while ¹H-NMR spectroscopy provided further structural insights. Functional group and chemical analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of LNIPU with three different carbamate linkers. The resulting material exhibited distinct chemical characteristics indicative of NIPU formation. This research highlights the potential of OPEFB as a renewable lignin source for green polyurethane production, contributing to the development of sustainable, high-performance biopolymers while promoting waste valorization in the palm oil industry.

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利用丰富的油棕空果束生物质作为可持续生物多元醇合成木质素基非异氰酸酯聚氨酯

非异氰酸酯聚氨酯（NIPU）是一种不含有毒二异氰酸酯化合物的新型聚氨酯，是传统聚氨酯的一种更安全、更环保的替代品。生物基多元醇，如木质素，为NIPU的生产提供了一种可持续的方法。油棕空果束（OPEFB）代表丰富和未充分利用的木质素来源；然而，以OPEFB为原料合成木质素基NIPU的研究尚未广泛开展。本研究旨在以OPEFB为原料，通过二氨基甲酸酯与改性木质素的缩聚反应合成木质素基NIPU （LNIPU）。木质素的改性包括羟甲基化和环氧化，而二氨基甲酸酯则由三种二胺合成：乙二胺、己二胺和癸二胺。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）与反褶积技术相结合，用于确认官能团的形成，而1H-NMR光谱提供了进一步的结构见解。官能团和化学分析证实了三种不同氨基甲酸酯连接物的LNIPU的成功合成。所得到的材料表现出明显的化学特征，表明NIPU形成。这项研究强调了OPEFB作为绿色聚氨酯生产的可再生木质素来源的潜力，有助于可持续，高性能生物聚合物的发展，同时促进棕榈油行业的废物增值。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Bulletin 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

5.5 months

期刊介绍： "Polymer Bulletin" is a comprehensive academic journal on polymer science founded in 1988. It was founded under the initiative of the late Mr. Wang Baoren, a famous Chinese chemist and educator. This journal is co-sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society, the Institute of Chemistry, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and is supervised by the China Association for Science and Technology. It is a core journal and is publicly distributed at home and abroad. "Polymer Bulletin" is a monthly magazine with multiple columns, including a project application guide, outlook, review, research papers, highlight reviews, polymer education and teaching, information sharing, interviews, polymer science popularization, etc. The journal is included in the CSCD Chinese Science Citation Database. It serves as the source journal for Chinese scientific and technological paper statistics and the source journal of Peking University's "Overview of Chinese Core Journals."