Association between smoking cessation and risk for type 2 diabetes, stratified by post-cessation weight change: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108429

Yifan Yu, Yan Li, Thu T Nguyen, Dahai Yue, Nedelina Tchangalova, Caitlin E Flouton, Hongjie Liu

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Abstract

Objective: While smoking cessation reduces health risks, its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains complex when considering post-cessation weight gain. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between smoking cessation and diabetes risk stratified by weight change and cessation duration.

Methods: We searched seven databases through April 14, 2025. Observational studies examining smoking cessation, weight changes, and T2DM were included. Random-effects models pooled hazard ratios (HRs) comparing recent and long-term quitters to continuous/never smokers, stratified by weight gain.

Results: Among eleven cohort studies, quitters with weight gain showed increased diabetes risk versus continuous smokers (HR = 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.12, 2.62), with recent quitters having greater risk (HR = 2.20, 95 % CI: 1.27, 3.82) but long-term quitters showing reduced risk (HR = 0.91, 95 % CI: 0.87, 0.95). Quitters without weight gain demonstrated no increased risk (recent: HR = 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.81, 1.02) and lower risk (long-term: HR = 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.81, 0.87). Compared to never-smokers, recent quitters had a higher T2DM risk regardless of weight status (with gain: HR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.50; without gain: HR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.05, 1.48), while long-term quitters showed no significant difference.

Conclusions: Smoking cessation temporarily increases T2DM risk, particularly with weight gain, but becomes protective long-term, emphasizing weight management.

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戒烟与2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，通过戒烟后体重变化分层：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

目的：虽然戒烟可以降低健康风险，但考虑到戒烟后体重增加，戒烟对2型糖尿病（T2DM）的影响仍然很复杂。本系统综述和荟萃分析通过体重变化和戒烟持续时间对戒烟和糖尿病风险之间的关系进行了分层。方法：检索截至2025年4月14日的7个数据库。观察性研究包括戒烟、体重变化和2型糖尿病。随机效应模型汇集了危险比（hr），比较了最近和长期戒烟者与连续/从不吸烟者，按体重增加分层。结果:11个队列研究中,戒烟者体重增加显示增加糖尿病风险和连续吸烟者(HR = 1.71,95 % CI: 1.12, 2.62),最近戒烟者有更大的风险(HR = 2.20,95 % CI: 1.27, 3.82),但长期戒烟显示风险降低(HR = 0.91,95 % CI: 0.87, 0.95)。没有体重增加的戒烟者没有增加风险（近期：HR = 0.99,95 % CI: 0.81, 1.02）和更低的风险（长期：HR = 0.84,95 % CI: 0.81, 0.87）。与从不吸烟者相比，无论体重状况如何，最近戒烟者的T2DM风险更高（增加：HR = 1.61,95 % CI: 1.03, 2.50；未增加：HR = 1.25,95 % CI: 1.05, 1.48），而长期戒烟者没有显着差异。结论：戒烟暂时增加2型糖尿病的风险，尤其是体重增加，但长期具有保护作用，强调体重管理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Preventive medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

3.90%

发文量

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Founded in 1972 by Ernst Wynder, Preventive Medicine is an international scholarly journal that provides prompt publication of original articles on the science and practice of disease prevention, health promotion, and public health policymaking. Preventive Medicine aims to reward innovation. It will favor insightful observational studies, thoughtful explorations of health data, unsuspected new angles for existing hypotheses, robust randomized controlled trials, and impartial systematic reviews. Preventive Medicine''s ultimate goal is to publish research that will have an impact on the work of practitioners of disease prevention and health promotion, as well as of related disciplines.