Hardtank® technology in extraction of caffeine and chlorogenic acid from coffee: analysis of chemical composition and antioxidant properties of coffee beverages.
Radosław Kowalski, Kamil Belniak, Grażyna Kowalska, Marzena Włodarczyk-Stasiak, Artur Mazurek, Tomasz Baj
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Hardtank® is a pressure-modulated, solvent-free cold extraction that shortens brewing while maximizing bioactive recovery from roasted coffee.
Methods: We produced a Nitro Cold Brew beverage from roasted Yellow Bourbon beans using Hardtank® (550 g : 10,000 mL water, 30 min, 0.3-1.5 bar) and compared its composition and antioxidant activity with laboratory extracts from roasted and green beans obtained by hot water infusion (93 °C, 5 min) and by methanol extraction (70% reflux, 2 h; 100% reflux, 2 h; 70% shake, 5 min). We measured caffeine, chlorogenic acid (and derivatives), total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical tests, expressed as Trolox equivalents.
Results and discussion: Nitro Cold Brew contained 375.8±2.4 mg phenolics + flavonoids per 100 mL, 72.4±1.1 mg caffeine per 100 mL, and 78.2±2.3 mg chlorogenic acid per 100 mL, with ferric reducing antioxidant power 27.9±0.5 mM and DPPH 11.7±0.6 mM. Using 70% methanol reflux as the 100% reference, Hardtank® achieved 135.3% for phenolics + flavonoids, 119.7% for caffeine, and up to 172.3% for chlorogenic acid. Overall, Hardtank® yielded a ready-to-drink coffee with bioactive and antioxidant profiles comparable to or better than laboratory reflux extracts, while operating rapidly and without organic solvents, indicating promise for scalable production of functional coffee beverages.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide.
Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”.
All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.
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