Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness and antibody correlates of protection among older adults in the Community Vaccine Effectiveness (CoVE) observational study.

IF 10.8 1区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

EBioMedicine Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105961

Elie-Tino Godonou, Amy P Callear, Casey L Juntila-Raymond, Dolapo Raji, Matthew Smith, Kalee E Rumfelt, Claire M Midgley, Leora R Feldstein, Jefferson M Jones, Melissa Briggs Hagen, Marisa C Eisenberg, Adam S Lauring, Arnold S Monto, Abram L Wagner, Emily T Martin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The first RSV vaccines for adults 60 years and older were approved prior to the 2023-2024 respiratory virus season. This study aims to evaluate RSV vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing RSV infections among older adults, and to examine antibody correlates of protection.

Methods: This study used data from adults 60 years and older, enrolled into the Community Vaccine Effectiveness (CoVE) prospective cohort study, in Michigan, U.S.A. A Cox regression model was used to compare incidence of symptomatic/all RSV infections in those vaccinated versus unvaccinated. RSV-specific (preF) binding antibodies were measured in serum specimens and assessed longitudinally. A correlates of protection analysis was conducted using logistic regression.

Findings: Of the 281 participants (n = 117 vaccinated) enrolled (August 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024), 14 tested positive for RSV. Adjusted RSV VE against any RSV infection was 50.8% (95% CI: -79.1% to 86.5%), and 59.8% (95% CI: -105.2% to 92.1%) against symptomatic RSV. There were 61.2 (95% CI: 16.9, 163.2) RSV infections per 1000 person-years among participants who were vaccinated compared to 165.8 infections (95% CI: 88.0, 287.0) per 1000 person-years among those unvaccinated. A 31% decrease in odds (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.07) of RSV infection per 2-fold increase in antibody concentration was observed.

Interpretation: Our findings suggest that higher antibody levels may be associated with a reduced risk of RSV infection, but further research is needed to confirm this relationship. RSV incidence appeared to be lowest among adults who were vaccinated, though the difference was not statistically significant. Low number of RSV events and limited availability of serology data limit the precision of the estimates. Continued monitoring of reduction of RSV infection in years following vaccination is warranted.

Funding: National Center for Immunisation and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (75D30122C13149) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (75N93021C00015). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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社区疫苗有效性（CoVE）观察性研究中呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疫苗有效性和抗体保护在老年人中的相关性

背景：第一批针对60岁及以上成人的RSV疫苗在2023-2024呼吸道病毒季节之前获得批准。本研究旨在评估RSV疫苗在预防老年人RSV感染方面的有效性（VE），并检测抗体保护的相关性。方法：本研究使用来自美国密歇根州社区疫苗有效性（CoVE）前瞻性队列研究的60岁及以上成年人的数据，采用Cox回归模型比较接种疫苗者与未接种疫苗者的症状性/全部RSV感染发生率。在血清标本中检测rsv特异性（preF）结合抗体，并进行纵向评估。采用logistic回归进行相关保护分析。研究结果：在2023年8月1日至2024年3月1日登记的281名参与者（n = 117名接种疫苗者）中，14人检测出RSV阳性。对任何RSV感染的校正RSV VE为50.8% (95% CI: -79.1%至86.5%)，对有症状的RSV的校正RSV VE为59.8% （95% CI: -105.2%至92.1%）。接种疫苗的参与者中每1000人年有61.2例（95% CI: 16.9, 163.2） RSV感染，而未接种疫苗的参与者中每1000人年有165.8例（95% CI: 88.0, 287.0） RSV感染。观察到抗体浓度每增加2倍，RSV感染的几率降低31% （OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.07）。解释：我们的研究结果表明，较高的抗体水平可能与RSV感染风险降低有关，但需要进一步的研究来证实这种关系。RSV发病率在接种疫苗的成年人中似乎最低，尽管差异没有统计学意义。RSV事件的低数量和有限的血清学数据限制了估计的准确性。有必要在疫苗接种后的几年内继续监测RSV感染的减少情况。资助：国家免疫和呼吸疾病中心，美国疾病控制和预防中心（75D30122C13149）和国家过敏和传染病研究所（75N93021C00015）。本报告中的发现和结论是作者的发现和结论，并不一定代表疾病控制和预防中心的官方立场。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

EBioMedicine Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

0.90%

发文量

579

审稿时长

5 weeks

期刊介绍： eBioMedicine is a comprehensive biomedical research journal that covers a wide range of studies that are relevant to human health. Our focus is on original research that explores the fundamental factors influencing human health and disease, including the discovery of new therapeutic targets and treatments, the identification of biomarkers and diagnostic tools, and the investigation and modification of disease pathways and mechanisms. We welcome studies from any biomedical discipline that contribute to our understanding of disease and aim to improve human health.