Potential of Serum ApoC1 as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Breast Cancer Detection and Prognosis: A Prospective Case–Control Study

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70359

Abolfazl Khalafi-Nezhad, Mahdi Barazesh, Ahmad Abdollahi, Negin Kheiri, Marzieh Amani

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancies. Apolipoprotein C1 (ApoC1) has been known as a promising therapeutic target and valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic implication of serum ApoC1 concentration in new cases of BC.

Methods

This prospective case–control study was conducted on 76 new cases of BC patients referred to Amir-al-Momenin Gerash hospital. Subjects in the control group were 15 healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of ApoC1 of the control group and the BC patients were measured by ELISA assay. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's post hoc test.

Results

The mean age of the BC patients was 49.21 ± 10.42 years. In terms of diagnostic performance, ApoC1 concentration showed a significant down-regulation in female BC patients compared to healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00, demonstrating the excellent diagnostic value of ApoC1 in distinguishing BC patients from healthy individuals. The optimal cutoff value for ApoC1 concentration was determined to be 15.4 mg/dL, with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the prognostic analysis focused on HER2 over-expression patients demonstrated a statistically significant difference in ApoC1 concentration compared to other types of BC. The ROC curve analysis revealed the prognostic performance of ApoC1, with an optimal cutoff value of 5.6 mg/dL, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% negative predictive value (NPV).

Conclusion

According to the findings of the current study, ApoC1 may be a potential serum biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. Moreover, ApoC1 can be considered a highly accurate prognostic biomarker for BC.

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血清ApoC1作为乳腺癌检测和预后的无创生物标志物的潜力：一项前瞻性病例对照研究

背景和目的乳腺癌（BC）是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。载脂蛋白C1 （apo1）已被认为是一种有前景的治疗靶点和有价值的癌症预后和诊断生物标志物。本研究的目的是探讨血清ApoC1浓度在新发BC病例中的诊断意义。方法本前瞻性病例对照研究对76例转诊至Gerash Amir-al-Momenin医院的BC新病例进行分析。对照组为15名健康个体。采用ELISA法检测对照组和BC患者的血清ApoC1浓度。数据分析采用学生t检验和单因素方差分析（ANOVA），随后采用Dunnett事后检验。结果BC患者平均年龄49.21±10.42岁。在诊断性能方面，与健康对照组相比，女性BC患者的ApoC1浓度显着下调。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析显示曲线下面积（AUC）为1.00，表明apop1在区分BC患者和健康个体方面具有良好的诊断价值。apop1浓度的最佳临界值为15.4 mg/dL，灵敏度100%，特异性100%，准确度100%。此外，HER2过表达患者的预后分析显示，与其他类型的BC相比，apo1浓度有统计学意义。ROC曲线分析显示ApoC1的预后表现，最佳临界值为5.6 mg/dL，阳性预测值（PPV）为100%，阴性预测值（NPV）为100%。结论根据本研究结果，ApoC1可能是诊断BC的潜在血清生物标志物。此外，apo1可以被认为是BC的高度准确的预后生物标志物。

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