Psychosocial Effects of Romantic Breakups During Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The current study reviewed the psychosocial effects of romantic breakups in emerging adulthood, particularly focused on evidence related to psychological health and psychosocial development, including aspects of identity and intimacy. A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines across EBSCOhost, PubMed and Web of Science (ISI) databases. Studies with available evidence on psychosocial dimensions and emerging adult populations who had experienced a romantic breakup were included and subjected to review evaluation. Forty-seven studies were eligible for inclusion. Results showed several negative and positive psychosocial outcomes and supported the effect of breakups on changes in self-concept and interpersonal intimacy. Diverse factors influenced positive and negative adjustment. Specifically, individuals experiencing more challenges were especially those with insecure attachment, a history of childhood abuse and maladaptive coping strategies. Conversely, individuals employing adaptive coping mechanisms and personal resources such as emotional regulation and mentalization tended to exhibit better postbreakup outcomes. The long-term effects remain inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research. These findings underscore the complexity of breakup experiences and highlight the crucial role of supportive factors in shaping psychosocial adjustment. This first systematic review of the psychosocial effects of breakups suggested that interventions targeted at emerging adults should enhance psychosocial transformations and individuals' specific needs to prevent maladjustment to breakups and psychological problems.