Smart Design and Deployment of Standalone PV System in Mountain Area in Romania

Abstract

Renewable energy sources are a promising method of generating clean electricity in remote areas. Solar energy is especially useful for isolated communities without access to electricity. Off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems’ performance depends on the operating conditions and is strongly affected by the environmental conditions. In this research, a standalone PV system is designed and installed in a mountain area in Romania. A family of four is using the system for their daily needs. During the design phase of the system, the electrical needs of the household were evaluated, leading to the conclusion that 18 solar panels of 265 W each and a 58 V lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery with a capacity of 14.7 kWh are sufficient to provide the necessary electrical energy. The performance of the system has been analyzed by collecting data remotely, and the results showed that the system is well designed because the consumers do not remain without electricity, especially in critical weather conditions when the energy production is lower. The system produces less electricity, and the battery is not fully charged on all days in November and December because the solar radiation in these months is low. In the event of battery depletion, the system may experience a power interruption of up to 9 days/month in the month of December.