Regional drivers of soybean farmers’ yield, seed protein, and oil concentration

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110176

Valentina M. Pereyra , Carlos Hernandez , Trevor Hefley , Ajay Sharda , P.V. Vara Prasad , Laila Puntel , Guillermo R. Balboa , David Moseley , J. Trenton Irby , Eros Francisco , André F.B. Reis , Aaron Prestholt , Joshua McDanel , Matthew Carroll , Shaun N. Casteel , Randall Pearson , Joshua Pristolas , Maninder Pal Singh , Peter Kovács , Michael H. Ostlie , Ignacio A. Ciampitti

{"title":"Regional drivers of soybean farmers’ yield, seed protein, and oil concentration","authors":"Valentina M. Pereyra , Carlos Hernandez , Trevor Hefley , Ajay Sharda , P.V. Vara Prasad , Laila Puntel , Guillermo R. Balboa , David Moseley , J. Trenton Irby , Eros Francisco , André F.B. Reis , Aaron Prestholt , Joshua McDanel , Matthew Carroll , Shaun N. Casteel , Randall Pearson , Joshua Pristolas , Maninder Pal Singh , Peter Kovács , Michael H. Ostlie , Ignacio A. Ciampitti","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110176","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>Seed yield is the main goal for soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L.) farmers, while soybean meal with a high protein is the target for the processing industry. Soybean oil, historically considered a byproduct, is now in higher demand due to growing interest in renewable diesel. Understanding how environmental factors influence soybean yield and quality (seed oil and protein concentration) in different regions is essential for developing a more diverse production chain and strong industry.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to (i) assess the importance of environmental factors in predicting seed oil and protein concentration and reported yields, (ii) identify regions with different yield and seed quality levels, and (iii) explore key factors linked to these variables across regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A standardized protocol was implemented to collect seed and soil samples from 235 fields in 13 US states during 2022 and 2023. We collected yield and crop management data via survey and retrieved crop phenological stages using crop growth model simulations (DSSAT) to summarize weather data during vegetative, reproductive pre seed-filling, and reproductive seed-filling stages.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Weather, soil, and season factors predicted yield and seed oil concentration with better accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> 0.56 and 0.39, respectively) than for seed protein concentration (R<sup>2</sup> 0.09). The northern and southern region had greater seed protein concentration (39.5 % and 39.4 %, respectively) compared to the Corn Belt region (38.2 %) where higher yields were observed. In the north, low temperatures during seed fill, linked to late planting dates or long-maturity groups, constrained yield and seed oil concentration. While in the south, high temperatures in the early season significantly limited yield where late sowing (after June 1st) shortened the total season length.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study offers new insights into the variation of on-farm seed quality (seed protein and oil concentrations), utilizing a large dataset from 235 fields in 13 US states during 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The findings of this study reveal regional differences in soybean quality, with greater seed protein concentration, but lower seed oil concentration in the north relative to the other regions and offers insights on environmental factors associated.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These findings serve as a reference for on-farm seed quality variation, aiding price determination and decision-making to enhance yield and seed quality across US soybean regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 110176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Field Crops Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429025004411","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Context or problem

Seed yield is the main goal for soybean (Glycine max L.) farmers, while soybean meal with a high protein is the target for the processing industry. Soybean oil, historically considered a byproduct, is now in higher demand due to growing interest in renewable diesel. Understanding how environmental factors influence soybean yield and quality (seed oil and protein concentration) in different regions is essential for developing a more diverse production chain and strong industry.

Objective

This study aims to (i) assess the importance of environmental factors in predicting seed oil and protein concentration and reported yields, (ii) identify regions with different yield and seed quality levels, and (iii) explore key factors linked to these variables across regions.

Methods

A standardized protocol was implemented to collect seed and soil samples from 235 fields in 13 US states during 2022 and 2023. We collected yield and crop management data via survey and retrieved crop phenological stages using crop growth model simulations (DSSAT) to summarize weather data during vegetative, reproductive pre seed-filling, and reproductive seed-filling stages.

Results

Weather, soil, and season factors predicted yield and seed oil concentration with better accuracy (R² 0.56 and 0.39, respectively) than for seed protein concentration (R² 0.09). The northern and southern region had greater seed protein concentration (39.5 % and 39.4 %, respectively) compared to the Corn Belt region (38.2 %) where higher yields were observed. In the north, low temperatures during seed fill, linked to late planting dates or long-maturity groups, constrained yield and seed oil concentration. While in the south, high temperatures in the early season significantly limited yield where late sowing (after June 1st) shortened the total season length.

Conclusions

This study offers new insights into the variation of on-farm seed quality (seed protein and oil concentrations), utilizing a large dataset from 235 fields in 13 US states during 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The findings of this study reveal regional differences in soybean quality, with greater seed protein concentration, but lower seed oil concentration in the north relative to the other regions and offers insights on environmental factors associated.

Implications

These findings serve as a reference for on-farm seed quality variation, aiding price determination and decision-making to enhance yield and seed quality across US soybean regions.

查看原文本刊更多论文

大豆农户产量、籽粒蛋白和含油量的区域驱动因素

背景或问题种子产量是大豆（甘氨酸max L.）农民的主要目标，而具有高蛋白的豆粕是加工工业的目标。豆油历来被认为是一种副产品，但由于人们对可再生柴油的兴趣日益浓厚，现在对豆油的需求更高。了解环境因素如何影响不同地区的大豆产量和质量（种子油和蛋白质浓度），对于发展更多样化的生产链和强大的产业至关重要。目的本研究旨在(i)评估环境因素在预测种子油和蛋白质浓度和报告产量中的重要性，（ii）识别不同产量和种子质量水平的地区，（iii）探索不同地区与这些变量相关的关键因素。方法采用标准化方案，于2022年和2023年在美国13个州的235个农田采集种子和土壤样本。我们通过调查收集了产量和作物管理数据，并利用作物生长模型模拟（DSSAT）检索了作物物候阶段，总结了营养期、生殖期和生殖期灌浆期的天气数据。结果天气、土壤和季节因子对产量和种子油浓度的预测精度（R2分别为0.56和0.39）高于种子蛋白浓度（R2分别为0.09）。北部和南部地区的种子蛋白浓度（分别为39.5 %和39.4 %）高于玉米带地区（38.2 %），后者的产量较高。在北方，灌种期间的低温与播种日期较晚或成熟期较长有关，限制了产量和种子油浓度。而在南方，早期的高温显著限制了产量，晚播（6月1日以后）缩短了整个季节长度。该研究利用了美国13个州235个农田在2022年和2023年生长季节的大型数据集，为农场种子质量（种子蛋白质和油浓度）的变化提供了新的见解。本研究结果揭示了大豆品质的区域差异，与其他地区相比，北方的种子蛋白质浓度较高，但种子油浓度较低，并为相关的环境因素提供了见解。这些发现可作为田间种子质量变化的参考，有助于价格确定和决策，以提高美国大豆产区的产量和种子质量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.