Improving biocompatibility and corrosion behavior of biodegradable zinc implant using a calcium zinc phosphate layer sealed by hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132760

Akbar Esmaeilnejad, Benyamin Yarmand

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Abstract

The surface features of biodegradable zinc-based implants need to be improved for developing their applications in medicine. Hence, the effects of the calcium zinc phosphate layer and hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid sealant on zinc implants' biocompatibility and corrosion properties were investigated. The results from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry revealed that porous petal-like clusters with a scholzite crystalline structure grew on the zinc substrate during phosphating and were well sealed with a hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid composite cover. Corrosion behavior evaluation using potentiodynamic polarization experiments proved that the corrosion rate was reduced by about 12 times and 26 times compared to bare zinc by applying the phosphate layer and hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid sealant, respectively. This improvement resulted from the increased resistance of the phosphate layer by post-sealing, proven by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The phosphate layer caused MG-63 osteoblastic cells to spread favorably on the scholzite clusters, while the sealing layer significantly enhanced the cell proliferation so that the cells covered the entire surface. Cytotoxicity findings clarified that cell viability was promoted to 99.8 ± 0.1 % compared to 76.2 ± 0.3 % on bare zinc. Overall, the sealed calcium zinc phosphate layer can beneficially improve the surface properties of biodegradable zinc-based implants.

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羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸密封磷酸钙锌层改善可生物降解锌植入体的生物相容性和腐蚀性能

生物可降解锌基植入物的表面特性需要进一步改善，以发展其在医学上的应用。因此，研究了磷酸钙锌层和羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸密封胶对锌种植体生物相容性和腐蚀性能的影响。扫描电镜和x射线衍射结果显示，在磷化过程中，锌衬底上生长出具有scholzite晶体结构的多孔花瓣状簇，并被羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合覆盖物很好地密封。采用动电位极化实验对腐蚀行为进行评价，结果表明，与裸锌相比，使用磷酸层和羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸密封胶的腐蚀速率分别降低了约12倍和26倍。电化学阻抗谱证明，这种改进是由于后密封增加了磷酸盐层的电阻。磷酸盐层使MG-63成骨细胞在scholzite团簇上有利于扩散，而密封层则显著促进细胞增殖，使细胞覆盖整个表面。细胞毒性研究结果表明，与裸锌处理的76.2±0.3%相比，裸锌处理的细胞存活率提高到99.8±0.1%。综上所述，密封的磷酸锌钙层有利于改善生物可降解锌基植入物的表面性能。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.