Green synthesis of CaO-modified sulfonated biochar via ball milling method

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114795

Sarah Pratiwi , Latifah Hauli , Dieni Mansur , Vivi Sisca , Arief Budiman

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to produce the sulfonated biochar (SB) modified by CaO using the ball milling method and investigate the physical and chemical properties of the obtained material (SB/CaO). In this study, p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was utilized as the sulfonating agent. The sulfonation process was conducted on activated biochar (B) with various weight ratios of B to p-TSA (1:3; 3:1; and 1:1) to observe the acidity of the resulting SB. The SB/CaO was synthesized through the ball milling method with different proportions of CaO (30, 50, and 70 wt%), utilizing the formulation that yielded the highest acidity value of SB. The obtained material was characterized using NH₃-TPD, CO₂-TPD, XRF, FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM-EDX, HRTEM and surface area analyzer. The results indicated that the highest acidity value of 4.08 mmol/g was achieved with the SB (1:3) ratio. The addition of CaO to SB resulted in an increase in basicity value and a decrease in acidity value. XRD analysis indicated a reduction in the crystallinity index % at the highest variations of CaO weight. Furthermore, the presence of CaO significantly influenced on the morphology of SB/CaO. The specific surface area of SB/CaO was observed to decrease with the increasing weight of CaO used. The study of the characteristics and properties of SB/CaO indicates its potential use in catalytic applications.

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球磨法绿色合成cao改性磺化生物炭

本研究的主要目的是利用球磨法制备CaO改性磺化生物炭（SB/CaO），并研究所得材料（SB/CaO）的物理化学性质。本研究以对甲苯磺酸（p-TSA）为磺化剂。对不同B与p-TSA质量比（1:3、3:1和1:1）的活性生物炭(B)进行磺化处理，观察所得SB的酸度。采用不同比例的CaO(30、50和70 wt%)，采用SB酸度值最高的配方，采用球磨法合成SB/CaO。采用NH3-TPD、CO2-TPD、XRF、FTIR、XPS、XRD、SEM-EDX、HRTEM和表面积分析仪对所得材料进行表征。结果表明，在SB（1:3）比下，酸度值最高，为4.08 mmol/g。在SB中添加CaO导致碱度值升高，酸度值降低。XRD分析表明，在CaO重量变化最大的情况下，结晶度指数降低%。此外，CaO的存在对SB/CaO的形貌有显著影响。SB/CaO的比表面积随着CaO用量的增加而减小。对SB/CaO的特性和性能的研究表明了其催化应用的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vacuum 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

17.50%

发文量

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Vacuum is an international rapid publications journal with a focus on short communication. All papers are peer-reviewed, with the review process for short communication geared towards very fast turnaround times. The journal also published full research papers, thematic issues and selected papers from leading conferences. A report in Vacuum should represent a major advance in an area that involves a controlled environment at pressures of one atmosphere or below. The scope of the journal includes: 1. Vacuum; original developments in vacuum pumping and instrumentation, vacuum measurement, vacuum gas dynamics, gas-surface interactions, surface treatment for UHV applications and low outgassing, vacuum melting, sintering, and vacuum metrology. Technology and solutions for large-scale facilities (e.g., particle accelerators and fusion devices). New instrumentation ( e.g., detectors and electron microscopes). 2. Plasma science; advances in PVD, CVD, plasma-assisted CVD, ion sources, deposition processes and analysis. 3. Surface science; surface engineering, surface chemistry, surface analysis, crystal growth, ion-surface interactions and etching, nanometer-scale processing, surface modification. 4. Materials science; novel functional or structural materials. Metals, ceramics, and polymers. Experiments, simulations, and modelling for understanding structure-property relationships. Thin films and coatings. Nanostructures and ion implantation.