Landscape genomics of thermotolerance: Environmental and genetic determinants of the slick hair phenotype in Montana Tropical cattle

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI:10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105828

Nathalia da Silva Costa , Renato Fontes Guimarães , Vinícius Silva Junqueira , Vanessa Peripolli , José Bento Sterman Ferraz , Felipe Pimentel , Daniel Pimentel , Luís Telo da Gama , Danielle de Faria , Rafael Núñez-Domínguez , Concepta McManus

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Abstract

The slick hair phenotype in cattle is a thermotolerance trait of increasing relevance in the context of climate change. This study evaluated 3233 Montana Tropical cattle to investigate environmental and spatial factors associated with genetic variation in the genomic region linked to the slick hair trait and to identify candidate genes potentially involved in thermotolerance. A panel of 120 SNPs spanning 5.5 Mb of the slick hair region on BTA20 was analyzed using logistic regression against six environmental variables: temperature, humidity, altitude, precipitation, NDVI, and solar radiation. Spatial genetic structure was assessed through Mantel tests, spatial autocorrelation, genetic landscape modeling, and Monmonier's algorithm. Eight SNPs were significantly associated with at least four environmental variables, with radiation and humidity showing the strongest effects. Gene annotation revealed five key genes—PRLR, RAD1, BRIX1, TTC23L, and DNAJC21—and functional annotation indicated roles in immune function, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis. Spatial analyses detected fine-scale genetic structure and multiple genetic barriers, particularly in southern Brazil, suggesting the combined effects of environmental selection and region-specific breeding practices. These findings enhance understanding of environmental influences on the slick hair genomic region and provide markers for breeding strategies aimed at improving heat tolerance in tropical cattle populations.

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耐热性的景观基因组学：蒙大拿热带牛光滑毛表型的环境和遗传决定因素

牛的光滑毛表型是在气候变化背景下日益相关的耐热性状。本研究评估了3233头蒙大拿州热带牛，以研究与光滑毛性状相关的基因组区域遗传变异相关的环境和空间因素，并确定可能参与耐热性的候选基因。利用logistic回归分析了BTA20上覆盖5.5 Mb光滑毛发区域的120个snp，分析了6个环境变量：温度、湿度、海拔、降水、NDVI和太阳辐射。通过Mantel检验、空间自相关、遗传景观建模和Monmonier算法评估空间遗传结构。8个snp与至少4个环境变量显著相关，其中辐射和湿度的影响最大。基因注释揭示了5个关键基因——prlr、RAD1、BRIX1、TTC23L和dnajc21，功能注释表明它们在免疫功能、DNA修复和核糖体生物发生中发挥作用。空间分析发现了精细尺度的遗传结构和多重遗传屏障，特别是在巴西南部，这表明环境选择和区域特异性育种实践的综合影响。这些发现加强了对环境对光滑毛基因组区域影响的理解，并为旨在提高热带牛种群耐热性的育种策略提供了标记。

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来源期刊

Livestock Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

237

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Livestock Science promotes the sound development of the livestock sector by publishing original, peer-reviewed research and review articles covering all aspects of this broad field. The journal welcomes submissions on the avant-garde areas of animal genetics, breeding, growth, reproduction, nutrition, physiology, and behaviour in addition to genetic resources, welfare, ethics, health, management and production systems. The high-quality content of this journal reflects the truly international nature of this broad area of research.