Thermal-barrier and radar-absorbing metacoating: Dual-scale thermal-electromagnetic manipulation via topology-optimized microarchitecture design

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132764

Yiping Li , Yucai Shan , Rui Liu , Shaozhuo Ding , Zihao Fan , Chi Zhang , Rifei Han , Rubing Zhang

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Abstract

The increasing speeds of hypersonic aircraft and advancing X-/Ka-band fire-control radars impose stringent requirements on aircraft surface materials: thermal protection and multi-band radar stealth. Existing research has not achieved simultaneous integration of high-temperature stability, low thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion compatibility with multi-band radar-absorbing properties. To address this, a thermal-barrier and radar-absorbing (TB-RA) metacoating is proposed, which integrates the optimized thermal-barrier layer with topology-optimized radar-absorbing units, achieving dual-scale thermal-electromagnetic manipulation. With an ultra-thin profile of 1.5 mm, the metacoating achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ −5 dB) of 17.7 GHz at 1000 °C, maintaining full X-band functionality and 91 % Ka-band coverage. Furthermore, it achieves high-efficiency thermal protection through effective insulation (with thermal conductivity below 0.7 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ from 25 to 1000 °C) and radiative cooling (emissivity exceeding 90 % in the atmospheric window). This study presents a novel strategy for integrated thermal protection and multiband radar stealth in hypersonic aircraft surface.

Abstract Image

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热障和雷达吸波：通过拓扑优化微架构设计的双尺度热电磁操纵

高超声速飞机速度的提高和X / ka波段火控雷达的进步对飞机表面材料提出了严格的要求：热防护和多波段雷达隐身。现有研究尚未实现高温稳定性、低导热性、热膨胀兼容性与多波段雷达吸收性能的同时集成。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种热障和雷达吸收（TB-RA）复合涂层，该涂层将优化的热障层与拓扑优化的雷达吸收单元集成在一起，实现了双尺度的热电磁操纵。凭借1.5 mm的超薄外形，稳镀层在1000°C时实现了17.7 GHz的有效吸收带宽（EAB, RL≤- 5 dB），保持了完整的x波段功能和91%的ka波段覆盖。此外，它通过有效的隔热（25至1000°C的导热系数低于0.7 W·m−1·K−1）和辐射冷却（大气窗口的辐射率超过90%）实现了高效的热防护。提出了一种高超声速飞机表面热防护与多波段雷达隐身相结合的新策略。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.