Real-world evidence on long COVID-19 in Greece: A multicenter, cross-sectional study (LONCOV2)

IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100761

Garyphallia Poulakou , Vasileios Michailidis , Athina Gogali , Stylianos Boutlas , Melina Kavousanaki , Paschalina Giouleka , Alexandros Stefanidis , Panagiota Styliara , Paschalis Steiropoulos , Argyris Tzouvelekis

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to provide real-world data on the clinical presentation and management of long COVID in Greece.

Methods

This non-interventional, nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study included adults with a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented with suspected long-term COVID-19 manifestations ≥4 weeks after acute infection.

Results

Among 1011 patients (mean ± SD age: 55.95 ± 15.74 years; 56.18% female; 5.04% hospitalized) enrolled between December 2022 and May 2023, the most affected Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) System Organ Class (SOC) was General disorders and administration site conditions (75.67%), with fatigue/malaise as the predominant symptom (69.93%). This was followed by Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders (60.34%), with cough (50.64%) and dyspnea (24.83%) as leading symptoms. Social circumstances, specifically impairments in daily living activities (44.21%), Nervous system disorders (40.26%), mainly headache (23.24%), and Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (27.70%), mainly myalgia (24.63%), were also prominent. The majority (74.38%) had been vaccinated prior to infection, with vaccination shown to be protective against nervous and musculoskeletal symptoms. Females were more prone to systemic, psychiatric, nervous, and musculoskeletal symptoms and impairments in daily activities, but less prone to respiratory symptoms.

Conclusions

Multisystem long-term COVID-19 complications were observed, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary management of this complex, multifaceted condition.

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希腊长期COVID-19的真实证据：一项多中心横断面研究（LONCOV2）

目的本研究旨在为希腊长期COVID的临床表现和管理提供真实数据。方法：这项非介入性、全国性、多中心、横断面研究纳入了有SARS-CoV-2感染症状史且在急性感染后≥4周出现疑似长期COVID-19表现的成年人。结果在2022年12月至2023年5月入选的1011例患者（平均±SD年龄：55.95±15.74岁，女性56.18%，住院5.04%）中，受影响最大的是一般疾病和给药部位状况（75.67%），主要症状为疲劳/不适（69.93%）。其次是呼吸、胸部和纵隔疾病（60.34%），咳嗽（50.64%）和呼吸困难（24.83%）是主要症状。社会环境，特别是日常生活活动障碍（44.21%），神经系统疾病（40.26%），主要是头痛（23.24%），肌肉骨骼和结缔组织疾病（27.70%），主要是肌痛（24.63%）。大多数人（74.38%）在感染前接种过疫苗，疫苗接种显示对神经和肌肉骨骼症状有保护作用。女性更容易出现全身、精神、神经和肌肉骨骼症状以及日常活动障碍，但不太容易出现呼吸道症状。结论观察到多系统的COVID-19长期并发症，强调了多学科管理这一复杂、多方面的疾病的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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