Possible association of statin use with the risk of depression: An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

General hospital psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.10.001

Pei-Yun Tsai , Shih-Ming Chen , Chia-Yu Lin , Ming-Chia Lee , Pin-Hao Huang , Chih-Pin Hsing , Tzu-Rong Peng , Jen-Ai Lee

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Although the potential effect of statins on depression has been investigated, the evidence remains inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether statin use is associated with depression.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE and by reviewing the reference lists of included articles. Papers published up to Sep 11, 2025, were identified, and no language restrictions were applied. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model.

Results

Fifteen studies (10 countries, 5,403,692 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Statin use was associated with significantly lower depression risk than was statin nonuse (pooled OR = 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.74–0.96, p = 0.009), although the interstudy heterogeneity was discovered to be substantial (I² = 85 %). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations in cohort studies (OR = 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.76–0.98, p = 0.02), studies using a validated questionnaire or scale (OR = 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.54–0.94, p = 0.02), individuals with comorbidities (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.55–0.98, p = 0.04), and those concurrently using an anti-inflammatory or antidepressant drug (OR = 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.71–0.95, p = 0.009). Preventive effects were discovered for North American populations (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.51–0.78, p < 0.001) and among individuals adhering to a Western (OR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.45–0.81, p < 0.001) or Asian (OR = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.64–0.89, p = 0.001) dietary pattern.

Conclusion

Statin use appears to be associated with a lower depression risk, particularly in specific populations and under certain clinical or lifestyle conditions. However, the substantial heterogeneity observed across studies highlights the need for cautious interpretation. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship and to identify factors that may affect this association.

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他汀类药物使用与抑郁症风险的可能关联：一项最新的系统综述和荟萃分析

虽然他汀类药物对抑郁症的潜在影响已经被调查，但证据仍然不一致。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以确定他汀类药物的使用是否与抑郁症有关。方法在PubMed、Cochrane Library和EMBASE中进行系统检索，并查阅纳入文献的参考文献表。在2025年9月11日之前发表的论文被识别出来，没有语言限制。使用随机效应模型估计95%置信区间（ci）的合并优势比（ORs）。结果15项研究（10个国家，5,403,692名受试者）符合纳入标准。使用他汀类药物与不使用他汀类药物相比，抑郁风险显著降低（合并OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96, p = 0.009），尽管研究间异质性很大（I2 = 85%）。敏感性分析证实了结果的稳健性。亚组分析显示，在队列研究（OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98, p = 0.02）、使用有效问卷或量表的研究（OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54-0.94, p = 0.02）、有合并症的个体（OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-0.98, p = 0.04）以及同时使用抗炎或抗抑郁药物的个体（OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71 - 0.95, p = 0.009）中存在显著相关性。在北美人群（OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51-0.78, p < 0.001）和坚持西方（OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p < 0.001）或亚洲（OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64-0.89, p = 0.001）饮食模式的人群中发现了预防作用。结论他汀类药物的使用似乎与较低的抑郁风险有关，特别是在特定人群和某些临床或生活方式条件下。然而，研究中观察到的大量异质性强调了谨慎解释的必要性。需要进一步的研究来澄清因果关系，并确定可能影响这种关联的因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

General hospital psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

2.90%

发文量

125

审稿时长

20 days

期刊介绍： General Hospital Psychiatry explores the many linkages among psychiatry, medicine, and primary care. In emphasizing a biopsychosocial approach to illness and health, the journal provides a forum for professionals with clinical, academic, and research interests in psychiatry''s role in the mainstream of medicine.