Biodiesel (biofuel) production from fish waste: A sustainable approach to biodiesel production

Abstract

Nowadays, the high consumption of energy is depleting non-renewable fossil fuels, driving the search for renewable alternatives like biofuels. Biofuels can be produced from plants, agriculture, domestic, industrial or several biological sources and their waste products. The most widely known biofuels are biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, and biohydrogen. By turning them into useful and environmentally friendly products, the use of these biological products and their wastes to create biofuels also helps us manage waste. In recent years, waste from plants, algae, or microbes has been used to produce biofuels. It has recently come to light that certain oily fish or their waste can also be used to make biodiesel. Fish waste has a higher quantity than any other food waste, which makes it more suitable for energy production. Some latest studies have revealed that, the 93 % yield of biodiesel may be obtained through acid catalysed esterification and alkaline catalysed transesterification. Protocols must be established in order to produce effective biofuels from fish waste and achieve better outcomes. Fish waste conversion to biodiesel is a novel idea, and progress toward this goal is being hampered by a lack of understanding. As a result, the purpose of this article is to discuss the production of biofuels from fish waste, as well as the biological, physiological, and chemical factors involved. It will also aid understanding of biodiesel production at the commercial scale. Hence, this paper will help raise awareness of the value of using biofuels and improve the production of biodiesel.