The immunogenicity of recombinant zoster vaccination in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies: a literature review

IF 1.4 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of clinical virology plus Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI:10.1016/j.jcvp.2025.100231

Stascha I. Kuipers , Marjolein Knoester , Carin L.E. Hazenberg , Debbie van Baarle , Marieke van der Heiden

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Abstract

Herpes zoster (HZ), caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, is characterized by painful rashes and severe complications. Immunocompromised individuals are at greater risk of developing HZ. Vaccination with the novel recombinant adjuvanted zoster subunit vaccine (RZV) proved highly effective in older adults and is considered safe in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies. This review summarizes the current evidence on efficacy and immunogenicity of RZV in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies and identifies factors associated with reduced immunogenicity.

RZV is highly immunogenic in patients with HIV and most haematological malignancies. Reduced responsiveness has been observed in patients with solid tumours, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, autologous haematopoietic cell transplants, and solid organ transplants. Reduced response is associated with Rituximab and post-transplantation immunosuppressive treatments, as well as immunosuppressive effects of solid tumours and chemotherapy. Future research should investigate whether personalised vaccination schedules, guided by biomarkers for immune function and treatment and/or transplantation schedules, may improve RZV responsiveness.

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重组带状疱疹疫苗对继发性免疫缺陷患者的免疫原性：文献综述

带状疱疹（HZ）是由水痘带状疱疹病毒再激活引起的，其特征是疼痛的皮疹和严重的并发症。免疫功能低下的个体患HZ的风险更大。事实证明，新型重组佐剂带状疱疹亚单位疫苗（RZV）在老年人中非常有效，并且被认为对继发性免疫缺陷患者是安全的。本文综述了目前关于RZV对继发性免疫缺陷患者的疗效和免疫原性的证据，并确定了与免疫原性降低相关的因素。RZV在HIV和大多数血液恶性肿瘤患者中具有高度免疫原性。在实体肿瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、非霍奇金b细胞淋巴瘤、自体造血细胞移植和实体器官移植患者中观察到反应性降低。反应降低与利妥昔单抗和移植后免疫抑制治疗以及实体瘤和化疗的免疫抑制作用有关。未来的研究应该调查在免疫功能生物标志物和治疗和/或移植计划的指导下，个性化的疫苗接种计划是否可以改善RZV反应性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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