Self-healing and anti-freezing hydrogels based on the nanocomposite reinforcement strategy of cellulose nanocrystals and their applications in flexible sensors

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106508

Xinhang Yu , Yu Sheng , Xinyue Zhang , Yijing Li , Wenxiang Wang , Kai Wei , Liangjiu Bai , Lixia Yang , Hou Chen

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Abstract

In recent years, hydrogel-based flexible sensors have shown great potential in human motion tracking and biomedicine, but face challenges in mechanical strength, self-healing, and anti-freezing. This study presents a nanocomposite reinforcement strategy using phytic acid (PA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and polydopamine (PDA). A multifunctional nanofiller (CNCs@PDA@PA) was created through multi-level design. The resulting hydrogel has excellent properties: a tensile strength of 1.26 MPa and a self-healing efficiency of 71.9 %. It performs well at −30.0 °C, showing good frost resistance. The hydrogel-based sensor is highly sensitive (GF = 2.03), responds quickly (271.0 ms), and has stable cycling. It can detect various human movements, from large-scale actions to subtle ones. This work offers a new approach for designing hydrogel sensors in extreme conditions, with promising applications in wearable electronics and smart healthcare.

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基于纤维素纳米晶纳米复合增强策略的自愈抗冻水凝胶及其在柔性传感器中的应用

近年来，基于水凝胶的柔性传感器在人体运动跟踪和生物医学方面显示出巨大的潜力，但在机械强度、自修复、防冻等方面面临挑战。本研究提出了一种使用植酸（PA）、纤维素纳米晶体（cnc）和聚多巴胺（PDA）的纳米复合增强策略。通过多级设计，研制出一种多功能纳米填料（CNCs@PDA@PA）。制备的水凝胶具有优异的性能：抗拉强度为1.26 MPa，自愈率为71.9%。在- 30.0℃下性能良好，具有良好的抗冻性。基于水凝胶的传感器灵敏度高（GF = 2.03），响应速度快（271.0 ms），循环稳定。它可以探测到各种各样的人体动作，从大规模的动作到细微的动作。这项工作为在极端条件下设计水凝胶传感器提供了一种新方法，在可穿戴电子产品和智能医疗保健中具有广阔的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Reactive & Functional Polymers 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

259

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Reactive & Functional Polymers provides a forum to disseminate original ideas, concepts and developments in the science and technology of polymers with functional groups, which impart specific chemical reactivity or physical, chemical, structural, biological, and pharmacological functionality. The scope covers organic polymers, acting for instance as reagents, catalysts, templates, ion-exchangers, selective sorbents, chelating or antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, sensors, membranes, and hydrogels. This also includes reactive cross-linkable prepolymers and high-performance thermosetting polymers, natural or degradable polymers, conducting polymers, and porous polymers. Original research articles must contain thorough molecular and material characterization data on synthesis of the above polymers in combination with their applications. Applications include but are not limited to catalysis, water or effluent treatment, separations and recovery, electronics and information storage, energy conversion, encapsulation, or adhesion.