Comprehensive examination of demographic, psychological, cognitive, biochemical, and genetic profiles of methamphetamine addicts

Abstract

Methamphetamine (MA) addiction is a serious public health concern with wide-ranging neurobiological and behavioral effects. This study aimed to assess the demographic, psychological, cognitive, biochemical, and genetic profiles of individuals with methamphetamine dependence, focusing on neurotransmitter levels and the expression of addiction- and aggression-related genes. Sixty male methamphetamine users and thirty age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Participants underwent psychological assessments, cognitive testing, and biochemical evaluation of serotonin and dopamine levels using ELISA. Gene expression of SLC6A4 and COMT was quantified via real-time PCR. Significant alterations were observed in the methamphetamine group compared to controls, including reduced serotonin (17.1 ± 3.1 vs. 20.5 ± 3.2 ng/mL; p = 0.002) and dopamine levels (46.3 ± 7.2 vs. 52.4 ± 6.5 ng/mL; p = 0.015), as well as down-regulation of SLC6A4 (0.64-fold vs. 1.00; p = 0.001) and up-regulation of COMT (1.47-fold vs. 1.00; p = 0.028). These biochemical and genetic changes were correlated with increased aggression and cognitive impairments. The findings underscore the impact of prolonged MA use on neurochemical balance and gene expression, contributing to the development of aggressive behaviors and addictive patterns. Tailored treatment strategies that integrate genetic and psychological profiling, along with longitudinal monitoring, are essential to address the multifactorial nature of methamphetamine addiction and improve clinical outcomes.