Schiff base functionalization of ZSM-5 type borosilicate zeolite for enhanced adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions

IF 5.4 3区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Inorganic Chemistry Communications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.inoche.2025.115593

Robab Shahi, Maasoumeh Khatamian, Azin Yavari

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Abstract

This study deals with a solution for removal of heavy metal ions using Schiff base-modified MFI type borosilicate zeolites. To this end, borosilicate zeolite was synthesized using a conventional hydrothermal method and functionalized with different contents of β-alanine (zeolite:β-alanine weight ratios were 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2). The subsequent condensation of β-alanine with salicylaldehyde produced Schiff base containing zeolites of [B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB (x:y) (x:y = zeolite:β-alanine ratio). The characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N₂ adsorption/desorption, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), validated the successful synthesis of materials. The morphology preservation after functionalization of zeolite along with the drastic decrease in BET surface area revealed the formation of Schiff base within zeolite pores. The results of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ removal experiments demonstrated that [B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB (1:2), with the highest β-alanine content shows the best performance as an adsorbent. This sample was capable to adsorb approximately 76.8 % of Pb²⁺ and 71.9 % of Cd²⁺ from solutions with initial concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹. Also, the adsorption efficiency was about 71.3 % and 61.5 % for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺, respectively, using stock solutions with a concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹. Kinetic studies showed that the [B]ZSM-5 and [B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB (2:1) adsorbents follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, while [B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB (1:1) and [B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB (1:2) aligned with pseudo-second-order kinetics. This study presents the zeolite-based adsorbents as a promising, eco-friendly solution for sustainable wastewater treatment, which by combining the scalability, recyclability, and high efficiency for adsorption of heavy metal ions can contribute to environmental remediation and public health protection.

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ZSM-5型硼硅酸盐沸石的席夫碱功能化对Pb2+和Cd2+离子的增强吸附

研究了用希夫碱改性MFI型硼硅酸盐沸石去除重金属离子的溶液。为此，采用常规水热法合成硼硅酸盐沸石，并以不同含量的β-丙氨酸（沸石与β-丙氨酸的质量比分别为2:1、1:1和1:2）进行功能化。随后β-丙氨酸与水杨醛缩合生成含[B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB （x:y）的希夫碱沸石（x:y =沸石与β-丙氨酸的比例）。表征技术包括x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、能量色散x射线能谱（EDS）、N2吸附/解吸、热重分析（TGA）等，验证了材料的成功合成。沸石官能化后的形态保存和BET表面积的急剧减少表明沸石孔隙中存在席夫碱的形成。Pb2+和Cd2+的去除实验结果表明，[B]ZSM-5@βA-SASB（1:2）的吸附性能最好，其β-丙氨酸含量最高。该样品能够从初始浓度为100 mg L−1的溶液中吸附约76.8%的Pb2+和71.9%的Cd2+。当原液浓度为200 mg L−1时，对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附效率分别为71.3%和61.5%。动力学研究表明，[B]ZSM-5和[B]ZSM-5@β a - sasb（2:1）吸附剂符合准一级动力学模型，[B]ZSM-5@β a - sasb（1:1）和[B]ZSM-5@β a - sasb（1:2）吸附剂符合准二级动力学模型。该研究表明，沸石基吸附剂具有可扩展性、可回收性和高效吸附重金属离子的特点，可用于环境修复和公众健康保护，是一种具有发展前景的生态友好型废水处理解决方案。

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来源期刊

Inorganic Chemistry Communications 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

7.90%

发文量

1013

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： Launched in January 1998, Inorganic Chemistry Communications is an international journal dedicated to the rapid publication of short communications in the major areas of inorganic, organometallic and supramolecular chemistry. Topics include synthetic and reaction chemistry, kinetics and mechanisms of reactions, bioinorganic chemistry, photochemistry and the use of metal and organometallic compounds in stoichiometric and catalytic synthesis or organic compounds.