Innovative design and behavior investigation of the Carnot battery energy storage system: A pathway towards efficient utilization of renewable energy

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128581

Shurong Zhang , Yeshan Sun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To address the electricity supply–demand imbalance caused by the inherent volatility and intermittency of renewable energy sources, a supercritical Brayton cycle is coupled with a CO₂ heat pump for energy storage and power generation. This configuration represents an innovative exploration of Carnot battery technology. An in-depth study on working fluid selection and parameter optimization to maximize the energy utilization efficiency and minimize the investment cost for the combined system was conducted. The results indicate that the CO₂-Xe/CO₂ system outperforms the CO₂-Kr/CO₂ and CO₂/CO₂ systems, achieving a round-trip efficiency of 65.8 % and a payback period of 9.23 years under design conditions. The system also demonstrates an improvement in round-trip efficiency and a reduction in investment cost when compared to the energy storage systems documented in the existing literature. System performance declines under off-design conditions but can be enhanced by adjusting operating parameters. The system demonstrates effective operation within partial load (80 %-100 %) and partial input power (80 %-105 %) ranges, with round-trip efficiency experiencing minor variations between 65.8 %-62.85 % and 65.8 %-63.87 %, respectively. The findings indicate the feasibility of the proposed combined energy storage and power generation system.

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卡诺电池储能系统的创新设计和性能研究：通向可再生能源高效利用的途径

为解决可再生能源固有的波动性和间歇性造成的电力供需不平衡问题，采用超临界布雷顿循环与CO2热泵相结合的方式进行储能和发电。这种配置代表了卡诺电池技术的创新探索。为使联合系统的能量利用效率最大化、投资成本最小化，对工作流体的选择和参数优化进行了深入研究。结果表明，在设计条件下，CO2- xe /CO2体系优于CO2- kr /CO2和CO2/CO2体系，往返效率为65.8%，投资回收期为9.23年。与现有文献中记录的储能系统相比，该系统还证明了往返效率的提高和投资成本的降低。系统性能在非设计条件下下降，但可以通过调整操作参数来提高。该系统在部分负载（80% ~ 100%）和部分输入功率（80% ~ 105%）范围内有效运行，往返效率分别在65.8% ~ 62.85%和65.8% ~ 63.87%之间变化较小。研究结果表明，所提出的储能与发电联合系统是可行的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Thermal Engineering 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

15.60%

发文量

1474

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Applied Thermal Engineering disseminates novel research related to the design, development and demonstration of components, devices, equipment, technologies and systems involving thermal processes for the production, storage, utilization and conservation of energy, with a focus on engineering application. The journal publishes high-quality and high-impact Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Short Communications and Letters to the Editor on cutting-edge innovations in research, and recent advances or issues of interest to the thermal engineering community.