Towards understanding low-viscosity poly-α-olefin production from Fischer-Tropsch alpha-olefin-rich distillate by [Al2(Ga/Ti/Zr)xCl7+nx]--based ionic liquids: Lewis acidity and PAO structure

IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS
Fuel Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137055
Jinxue He , Chao Huang , Likun Yang , Dan Liu , Hu Li , Aijing Ma , Shiguang Pan , Angui Zhang , Haoxuan Yu , Jianzhou Gui
{"title":"Towards understanding low-viscosity poly-α-olefin production from Fischer-Tropsch alpha-olefin-rich distillate by [Al2(Ga/Ti/Zr)xCl7+nx]--based ionic liquids: Lewis acidity and PAO structure","authors":"Jinxue He ,&nbsp;Chao Huang ,&nbsp;Likun Yang ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Hu Li ,&nbsp;Aijing Ma ,&nbsp;Shiguang Pan ,&nbsp;Angui Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoxuan Yu ,&nbsp;Jianzhou Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137055","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lewis acid imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with inorganic anions of [Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>7</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, [Al<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>7+4x</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, [Al<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>7+4x</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, and [Al<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>7+3x</sub>]<sup>-</sup> have been synthesized in good yields and used as the catalysts for the polymerization of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) mixed α-olefins. The poly alpha-olefins (PAO) products have been tuned through various bimetallic Lewis-acid ionic liquids (ILs). A high PAO yield of 95 % and excellent selectivity to trimers &amp; tetramers of 65 % were achieved at 100 °C for 120 min using 3 wt% [Bmim][Al<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>0.1</sub>Cl<sub>7.3</sub>] as the catalyst. The bimetallic Lewis acid ILs are easily separated from the reaction mixture and recycled with good stability. Molecular orbital studies show the LUMOs of IL anions have changed from Al to the other metal site (Ga/Ti/Zr), leading to a weakened Lewis acidity, finally making the PAO structure tunable. Notably‌, the synthesis of PAO products by bimetallic ILs from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) mixed α-olefins, instead of 1-decene from ethylene production, was demonstrated to be effective, ensuring a green, low-cost, and recyclable technology industrially. Furthermore‌, the IL catalysts demonstrated‌ inherent safety and environmental compatibility, ‌positioning them as promising alternatives to conventional BF<sub>3</sub> catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137055"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fuel","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236125027802","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lewis acid imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with inorganic anions of [Al2Cl7]-, [Al2TixCl7+4x]-, [Al2ZrxCl7+4x]-, and [Al2GaxCl7+3x]- have been synthesized in good yields and used as the catalysts for the polymerization of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) mixed α-olefins. The poly alpha-olefins (PAO) products have been tuned through various bimetallic Lewis-acid ionic liquids (ILs). A high PAO yield of 95 % and excellent selectivity to trimers & tetramers of 65 % were achieved at 100 °C for 120 min using 3 wt% [Bmim][Al2Ga0.1Cl7.3] as the catalyst. The bimetallic Lewis acid ILs are easily separated from the reaction mixture and recycled with good stability. Molecular orbital studies show the LUMOs of IL anions have changed from Al to the other metal site (Ga/Ti/Zr), leading to a weakened Lewis acidity, finally making the PAO structure tunable. Notably‌, the synthesis of PAO products by bimetallic ILs from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) mixed α-olefins, instead of 1-decene from ethylene production, was demonstrated to be effective, ensuring a green, low-cost, and recyclable technology industrially. Furthermore‌, the IL catalysts demonstrated‌ inherent safety and environmental compatibility, ‌positioning them as promising alternatives to conventional BF3 catalysts.

Abstract Image

[Al2(Ga/Ti/Zr)xCl7+nx]基离子液体对富费托馏出物制备低粘度聚α-烯烃的研究:刘易斯酸度和PAO结构
合成了以[Al2Cl7]-、[Al2TixCl7+4x]-、[Al2ZrxCl7+4x]-、[Al2GaxCl7+3x]-为无机阴离子的路易斯酸基离子液体(ILs),并将其用作费托混合α-烯烃聚合催化剂。通过各种双金属路易斯酸离子液体(ILs)对聚α -烯烃(PAO)产品进行了调质。以3wt % [Bmim][al2ga0.1 . cl7.3]为催化剂,在100℃下反应120 min, PAO产率高达95%,对三聚体和四聚体的选择性为65%。双金属路易斯酸易从反应混合物中分离出来,可回收利用,稳定性好。分子轨道研究表明,IL阴离子的LUMOs从Al转移到其他金属位(Ga/Ti/Zr),导致Lewis酸度减弱,最终使PAO结构可调。值得注意的是,由费托混合α-烯烃(FT)合成双金属il的PAO产品,取代乙烯生产的1-癸烯,被证明是有效的,确保了绿色、低成本和可回收的工业技术。此外,IL催化剂表现出了固有的安全性和环境相容性,将其定位为传统BF3催化剂的有希望的替代品。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Fuel
Fuel 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
12.80
自引率
20.30%
发文量
3506
审稿时长
64 days
期刊介绍: The exploration of energy sources remains a critical matter of study. For the past nine decades, fuel has consistently held the forefront in primary research efforts within the field of energy science. This area of investigation encompasses a wide range of subjects, with a particular emphasis on emerging concerns like environmental factors and pollution.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信