Enhanced insights into ozone production efficiency in urban Beijing: A comprehensive analysis of influencing factors

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121574

Yicheng Gao , Xueli Liu , Yi Chen , Tiantian Zhang , Zhiqiang Ma , Weili Lin

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Abstract

This study presents a three-year continuous observation of ozone (O₃) pollution at an urban campus site in Beijing, analyzing temporal characteristics of O₃, seasonal variations in ozone production efficiency (OPE), and its sensitivity to nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite strict emission controls, which reduced NO_x by 32 % and NO_y by 21 % in 2020 compared to 2019, the daily maximum 8-h average O₃ still frequently exceeded national standards, though summer averages decreased. OPE analysis revealed seasonal shifts in sensitivity: summer O₃ formation was NO_x-sensitive (with the highest proportion of NO_x-limited regimes among all seasons), while spring, autumn, and winter were VOCs-sensitive. Regional transport significantly impacted O₃, particularly in summer via high-VOCs air masses. The NO_x/NO_y ratio (an indicator of air mass aging) was negatively correlated with OPE. OPE followed a Lorentz curve with NO_x (R² = 0.94), confirming a nonlinear dependence. Sensitivity analysis (6:00–19:00) showed <1 % NO_x-limited conditions year-round. Transition regimes matched O₃ diurnal patterns: the proportion of the transition regime peaked around 14:00 (coinciding with daily O₃ concentration peaks). Spring and autumn were mostly VOCs-limited with transitions; summer balanced three regimes (38.0 % VOCs-limited, 31.5 % transition, 30.4 % NO_x-limited) and leaned toward transition; winter was entirely VOCs-limited. The study emphasizes coordinated NO_x/VOCs control (especially summer NO_x) and regional emission management to mitigate O₃ pollution, alongside ongoing VOCs reduction efforts.

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加强对北京城市臭氧生产效率的认识：影响因素的综合分析

本文通过对北京某城市校园臭氧（O3）污染的3年连续观测，分析了O3的时间特征、臭氧产生效率（OPE）的季节变化及其对氮氧化物（NOx）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的敏感性。尽管实施了严格的排放控制措施，与2019年相比，2020年氮氧化物和硝态氮分别减少了32%和21%，但8小时日均最大O3仍经常超过国家标准，尽管夏季平均值有所下降。OPE分析揭示了敏感性的季节变化：夏季臭氧形成对nox敏感（在所有季节中，nox限制机制所占比例最高），而春季、秋季和冬季对vocs敏感。区域运输显著影响O3，特别是在夏季，通过高挥发性有机化合物气团。NOx/NOy比值（气团老化指标）与OPE呈负相关。OPE与NOx遵循Lorentz曲线（R2 = 0.94），证实了非线性相关性。敏感性分析（6:00-19:00）显示全年限硝条件为1%。过渡模式与O3的日模式相匹配：过渡模式的比例在14:00左右达到峰值（与每日O3浓度峰值一致）。春季和秋季以vocs限制为主，并有过渡；夏季平衡了3种状态（38.0% vocs限制、31.5%过渡和30.4% nox限制），并倾向于过渡；冬天完全限制挥发性有机化合物。该研究强调协调NOx/VOCs控制（特别是夏季NOx）和区域排放管理，以减轻O3污染，同时持续努力减少VOCs。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Environment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

8.00%

发文量

458

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： Atmospheric Environment has an open access mirror journal Atmospheric Environment: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.