Decoding point-of-care testing: A strategic tool for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 management in healthcare facilities

Abstract

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the seasonal burden of influenza have underscored the urgent need for rapid and decentralized diagnostic tools in healthcare settings. This review explores the role of Point-of-Care (POC) testing in controlling respiratory virus transmission, focusing on its technical foundations, clinical applications, and implementation challenges. A systematic literature screening was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, prioritizing studies from 2020 onward, to examine the diagnostic performance, use cases, and operational constraints of rapid antigen and molecular POC platforms. Comparative analysis highlights substantial differences in analytical sensitivity, turnaround times, cost-effectiveness, and deployment logistics between isothermal amplification, RT-PCR-based, and immunochromatographic assays. Emerging technologies, including SERS-based biosensors and multiplex portable platforms, are also discussed for their potential to enhance specificity and scalability. A dedicated section addresses real-world barriers such as device cost, personnel training, sample throughput, and regulatory considerations. Figure-based summaries and performance tables are included to assist clinicians and policymakers in selecting appropriate tools. Finally, we propose a strategic framework for integrating POC diagnostics into infection control protocols in hospitals and occupational health services. The findings suggest that when appropriately selected and deployed, POC testing can significantly reduce transmission risk, optimize patient management, and minimize workforce disruption. These outcomes justify broader adoption of POC tools and continued investment in innovation and clinical validation.