Zr modified phenolic resin/silica fiber composites with enhanced mechanical properties and ablation resistance: Comparison of three different modification routes

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111700

Fuping Li , Zhao Zhang , Feng Qin , Jiang Liang , Wei Dang , Xinyuan Zhang , Kang Zhao , Yufei Tang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The development of phenolic resin/high silica fiber composites (PR/HSF composites) with low density, high strength, low thermal conductivity and excellent ablation resistance is of vital importance for the solid rocket motor nozzles. In this work, Zr modified PR/HSF composites were successfully fabricated through three different modification routes, which include physically mixing of the Zr precursor with PR (M-PR), chemical reaction of the zirconium precursor with PR (R-PR), and direct incorporation of ZrC nanoparticles into PR (P-PR). The effect of three different modification routes on the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal insulation and ablation resistance was systematically studied. R-PR/HSF composites had the best overall performance, with low density of 1.6 g/cm³, flexural strength of 68.6 MPa (16.9 % enhancement over PR/HSF composites), low thermal conductivity of 0.36 W/(m·K), and mass ablation rate of 0.065 g/s (34.75 % decrease compared to PR/HSF composites). The strengthening mechanism of R-PR/HSF composites is attributed to the Zr chelated three-dimensional network structure, which improves the interfacial bonding and interaction energy between R-PR and HSF. The excellent ablation resistance of R-PR/HSF composites is mainly attributed to the multiple mechanisms such as thermal barrier effect, dynamic self-healing, carbon layer reinforcement, and heat absorption by phase transition, which are related to the formation of C-SiC-ZrO₂-ZrC-SiO₂-ZrSiO₄ ceramic system during ablation.

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Zr改性酚醛树脂/硅纤维复合材料的力学性能和抗烧蚀性能：三种不同改性途径的比较

开发低密度、高强、低导热、抗烧蚀性能优异的酚醛树脂/高硅纤维复合材料（PR/HSF复合材料）对固体火箭发动机喷管具有重要意义。本文通过Zr前驱体与PR的物理混合（M-PR）、锆前驱体与PR的化学反应（R-PR）和ZrC纳米颗粒直接掺入PR （P-PR）三种不同的改性途径，成功制备了Zr改性PR/HSF复合材料。系统研究了三种不同改性方式对复合材料显微组织、力学性能、保温性能和抗烧蚀性能的影响。R-PR/HSF复合材料的综合性能最好，其密度为1.6 g/cm3，抗折强度为68.6 MPa（比PR/HSF复合材料提高了16.9%），导热系数为0.36 W/(m·K)，质量烧蚀率为0.065 g/s（比PR/HSF复合材料降低了34.75%）。R-PR/HSF复合材料的强化机制归因于Zr螯合的三维网络结构，该结构提高了R-PR与HSF之间的界面键和相互作用能。R-PR/HSF复合材料具有优异的抗烧蚀性能，主要是由于在烧蚀过程中C-SiC-ZrO2-ZrC-SiO2-ZrSiO4陶瓷体系的形成与热障效应、动态自愈、碳层增强、相变吸热等多种机制有关。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.