Non-Darcy seepage analysis on subsea tunnel in fractured rock mass with grouting reinforcement

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2025.107115

Lanxiang Zheng, Dingli Zhang, Zhenyu Sun, Song Lu, Yufan Du

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Grouting reinforcement is commonly employed in subsea tunnels. A thorough understanding of seepage behavior is vital for optimizing grouting design and evaluating its effectiveness. Previous studies employing Darcy’s law have been found inadequate for capturing the nonlinear seepage behavior under high hydraulic heads in subsea tunnels. Moreover, most analytical investigations on nonlinear seepage behavior have neglected the influence of non-circular cross-sections. Therefore, the non-Darcy seepage behavior in subsea tunnels constructed in fractured rock masses reinforced by grouting is investigated in this study. An analytical model featuring a non-circular cross-section and a grouting zone is developed based on the Izbash non-Darcy flow model using complex variable function theory and conformal mapping. Analytical solutions for water inflow and pore pressure that account for the presence of grouting zone in fractured rock masses are derived. The solutions are validated against numerical simulations results and field monitoring data from the Qingdao-Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel. Parametric studies are performed to quantify the influence of the Izbash empirical coefficient on the tunnel water inflow, pore pressure and hydraulic gradient. Furthermore, the effects on water-blocking performance of key grouting parameters, including the relative permeability coefficient and the thickness of grouting zone, are investigated under non-Darcy flow conditions. The results indicate that non-Darcy flow significantly affects water inflow, pore pressure and hydraulic gradient in subsea tunnels. An optimized design of the grouting zone is essential to ensure effective water-blocking performance, adequate mechanical strength, and economic feasibility. The proposed analytical model and methodology provide a theoretical foundation basis for the design of waterproofing and drainage systems in subsea tunnels in fractured rock masses.

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裂隙岩体注浆加固海底隧道非达西渗流分析

海底隧道通常采用注浆加固。深入了解渗流特性对于优化注浆设计和评价注浆效果至关重要。以往的研究发现，利用达西定律来捕捉海底隧道高水头下的非线性渗流行为是不够的。此外，大多数非线性渗流特性的分析研究都忽略了非圆截面的影响。因此，本研究对裂隙岩体中注浆加固海底隧道的非达西渗流行为进行了研究。以Izbash非达西渗流模型为基础，运用复变函数理论和保角映射，建立了具有非圆截面和注浆带的解析模型。推导了裂隙岩体中注浆带存在的入水量和孔隙压力的解析解。通过数值模拟结果和青胶州湾第二海底隧道现场监测数据验证了上述方案的有效性。通过参数化研究，量化了伊兹巴什经验系数对隧道涌水量、孔隙压力和水力梯度的影响。在非达西流动条件下，研究了相对渗透系数、注浆区厚度等关键注浆参数对阻水性能的影响。结果表明，非达西流动对海底隧道的涌水量、孔隙压力和水力梯度有显著影响。对注浆区进行优化设计是保证注浆区有效阻水性能、机械强度和经济可行性的关键。所提出的分析模型和方法为裂隙岩体海底隧道防水排水系统的设计提供了理论依据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

11.90

自引率

18.80%

发文量

454

审稿时长

10.8 months

期刊介绍： Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology is an international journal which publishes authoritative articles encompassing the development of innovative uses of underground space and the results of high quality research into improved, more cost-effective techniques for the planning, geo-investigation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of underground and earth-sheltered structures. The journal provides an effective vehicle for the improved worldwide exchange of information on developments in underground technology - and the experience gained from its use - and is strongly committed to publishing papers on the interdisciplinary aspects of creating, planning, and regulating underground space.