A novel index for evaluating the salinity control effectiveness of winter and spring irrigation during soil freezing−thawing process

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106910

Mingtang Chai , Xin Li , Ruomei Wang , Wangcheng Li

{"title":"A novel index for evaluating the salinity control effectiveness of winter and spring irrigation during soil freezing−thawing process","authors":"Mingtang Chai , Xin Li , Ruomei Wang , Wangcheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106910","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water–salt migration and salt phase transitions during seasonal freezing–thawing cycles are important drivers of soil salinization. Winter and spring irrigation are key measures for controlling salt accumulation during freezing–thawing periods. However, quantitative research on the salinity control effectiveness of these measures remains limited. In this study, a coupled water−heat-salt model was developed and validated against field monitoring data. Using this model, we analyzed the effects of irrigation volume, groundwater level, and soil texture on salt transport during freezing–thawing cycles. There were three key results. (1) The model, which incorporates phase change processes and groundwater level fluctuations, exhibited high accuracy and quantitatively described the patterns of salt transport during freezing−thawing cycles. (2) According to the Salt-Time Index (STI) established in this study, winter and spring irrigation exhibited complementary salinity control effects in terms of the duration of their effectiveness and spatial influence. Winter irrigation (300 mm) provided a longer-lasting salinity suppression (2.9 times longer than that of spring irrigation), whereas spring irrigation achieved a greater desalination depth (2.5 times deeper than that of winter irrigation). (3) Lowering the groundwater level from −0.5 to −2.0 m below the surface significantly enhanced salt control in all soil types. Sandy loam and loam soils exhibited the best performance with irrigation volumes of 150–225 mm. The proposed STI overcomes the limitations of single concentration metrics, enabling the precise evaluation of salt-control effectiveness. This provides scientific guidance for optimizing irrigation strategies, enhancing water resource utilization, regulating soil salinization, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Soil & Tillage Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198725004647","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Water–salt migration and salt phase transitions during seasonal freezing–thawing cycles are important drivers of soil salinization. Winter and spring irrigation are key measures for controlling salt accumulation during freezing–thawing periods. However, quantitative research on the salinity control effectiveness of these measures remains limited. In this study, a coupled water−heat-salt model was developed and validated against field monitoring data. Using this model, we analyzed the effects of irrigation volume, groundwater level, and soil texture on salt transport during freezing–thawing cycles. There were three key results. (1) The model, which incorporates phase change processes and groundwater level fluctuations, exhibited high accuracy and quantitatively described the patterns of salt transport during freezing−thawing cycles. (2) According to the Salt-Time Index (STI) established in this study, winter and spring irrigation exhibited complementary salinity control effects in terms of the duration of their effectiveness and spatial influence. Winter irrigation (300 mm) provided a longer-lasting salinity suppression (2.9 times longer than that of spring irrigation), whereas spring irrigation achieved a greater desalination depth (2.5 times deeper than that of winter irrigation). (3) Lowering the groundwater level from −0.5 to −2.0 m below the surface significantly enhanced salt control in all soil types. Sandy loam and loam soils exhibited the best performance with irrigation volumes of 150–225 mm. The proposed STI overcomes the limitations of single concentration metrics, enabling the precise evaluation of salt-control effectiveness. This provides scientific guidance for optimizing irrigation strategies, enhancing water resource utilization, regulating soil salinization, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

查看原文本刊更多论文

一种评价土壤冻融过程中冬灌和春灌控盐效果的新指标

季节性冻融循环中的水盐迁移和盐相转变是土壤盐渍化的重要驱动因素。冬灌和春灌是控制冻融期盐分积累的关键措施。然而，对这些措施控制盐度效果的定量研究仍然有限。在这项研究中，建立了一个水-热-盐耦合模型，并根据现场监测数据进行了验证。利用该模型分析了灌水量、地下水位和土壤质地对冻融循环过程中盐运移的影响。有三个关键的结果。(1)该模型包含了相变过程和地下水位波动，具有较高的精度，定量地描述了冻融循环过程中盐的运移模式。(2)根据本研究建立的盐时间指数（STI），冬灌和春灌在控制盐度的持续时间和空间影响上表现出互补的效果。冬季灌溉（300 mm）提供了更持久的盐度抑制（比春季灌溉长2.9倍），而春季灌溉实现了更大的脱盐深度（比冬季灌溉深2.5倍）。(3)将地下水位从地表以下−0.5 ~−2.0 m降低，各土壤类型的盐分控制效果显著。砂壤土和壤土在灌水量为150 ~ 225 mm时表现最佳。所提出的STI克服了单一浓度指标的局限性，能够精确评估防盐效果。为优化灌溉策略、提高水资源利用水平、调节土壤盐碱化、促进农业可持续发展提供科学指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.