Design of probiotic-nanozyme synergistic systems: A new bio-hybrid strategy for disease therapy

Abstract

Redox homeostasis is pivotal to the maintenance of physiological health and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics offer notable therapeutic advantages, including modulation of the gut microbiota, immune system activation, and site-specific colonization. However, their inherently weak redox-regulatory capacity limits their broader clinical utility. Nanozymes are artificial catalysts that are being developed to address this limitation. Combining probiotics and nanozymes within composite systems leads to synergistic effects that enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the composite systems against multiple diseases. In this review, we summarize current design approaches for constructing probiotic-nanozyme composite systems and discuss their advantages and limitations. We then elucidate the underlying synergistic mechanisms in the treatment of intestinal inflammation and tumors, and highlight their broader application prospects in gastrointestinal disorders, tumors, and other diseases. Finally, we address the translational challenges of probiotic-nanozyme therapies and provide perspectives on future research directions and clinical development.