Gingival squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study of 419 cases

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2025.09.009

Allison M. Lee DDS, MS , John M. Wright DDS, MS , Celeste Abraham DDS, MS , Hua Zhang PhD, MD , Victoria L. Woo DDS

{"title":"Gingival squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study of 419 cases","authors":"Allison M. Lee DDS, MS , John M. Wright DDS, MS , Celeste Abraham DDS, MS , Hua Zhang PhD, MD , Victoria L. Woo DDS","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study describes observable trends in the epidemiological, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of gingival SCCs.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A retrospective review was performed of the Texas A&M University’s Oral Pathology Biopsy Service database (2010-2020), yielding clinical and histopathologic information on 419 cases of gingival SCC. Fifteen cases were randomly selected for immunohistochemical studies using CK1/10 and CK19 to assess cellular origin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An increase in incidence of gingival SCC was observed over 10 years (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.51), although this increase was less significant when adjusted for total biopsy volume (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.29). The average age of diagnosis was 69.8 years, with the posterior mandibular gingiva being the most frequently affected site. The provisional diagnosis of SCC was given for 61% of cases. Among cases with available risk factor data, 62% reported a prior or current smoking history. Immunohistochemical staining revealed heterogeneous expression patterns with CK1/10 and CK19.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gingival SCCs demonstrate a diverse clinical and histopathologic appearance and may be omitted in the clinical differential diagnosis in favor of reactive and inflammatory pathology. An increased awareness of the rising incidence of gingival SCCs may promote early clinical recognition and prevent potential delays in diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"141 2","pages":"Pages 218-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212440325012106","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/9/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

This study describes observable trends in the epidemiological, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of gingival SCCs.

Study design

A retrospective review was performed of the Texas A&M University’s Oral Pathology Biopsy Service database (2010-2020), yielding clinical and histopathologic information on 419 cases of gingival SCC. Fifteen cases were randomly selected for immunohistochemical studies using CK1/10 and CK19 to assess cellular origin.

Results

An increase in incidence of gingival SCC was observed over 10 years (R² = 0.51), although this increase was less significant when adjusted for total biopsy volume (R² = 0.29). The average age of diagnosis was 69.8 years, with the posterior mandibular gingiva being the most frequently affected site. The provisional diagnosis of SCC was given for 61% of cases. Among cases with available risk factor data, 62% reported a prior or current smoking history. Immunohistochemical staining revealed heterogeneous expression patterns with CK1/10 and CK19.

Conclusions

Gingival SCCs demonstrate a diverse clinical and histopathologic appearance and may be omitted in the clinical differential diagnosis in favor of reactive and inflammatory pathology. An increased awareness of the rising incidence of gingival SCCs may promote early clinical recognition and prevent potential delays in diagnosis and treatment.

查看原文本刊更多论文

牙龈鳞状细胞癌：419例的流行病学、组织病理学和免疫组织化学研究。

目的：本研究描述了牙龈SCCs的流行病学、组织病理学和免疫组织化学特征的可观察趋势。研究设计：对德克萨斯A&M大学口腔病理活检服务数据库（2010-2020）进行回顾性分析，获得419例牙龈SCC的临床和组织病理学信息。随机选择15例患者进行免疫组化研究，使用CK1/10和CK19来评估细胞来源。结果：牙龈SCC的发病率在10年内增加（R2 = 0.51），尽管在调整总活检体积后，这种增加不那么显著（R2 = 0.29）。平均诊断年龄为69.8岁，下颌后龈是最常见的受累部位。61%的病例被临时诊断为SCC。在有危险因素数据的病例中，62%报告有既往或当前吸烟史。免疫组化染色显示CK1/10和CK19的表达模式不一致。结论：牙龈SCCs表现出多样化的临床和组织病理学表现，在临床鉴别诊断中可能被忽略，而倾向于反应性和炎症性病理。提高对牙龈SCCs发病率上升的认识可以促进早期临床识别，防止潜在的诊断和治疗延误。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

6.90%

发文量

1217

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology is required reading for anyone in the fields of oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology or advanced general practice dentistry. It is the only major dental journal that provides a practical and complete overview of the medical and surgical techniques of dental practice in four areas. Topics covered include such current issues as dental implants, treatment of HIV-infected patients, and evaluation and treatment of TMJ disorders. The official publication for nine societies, the Journal is recommended for initial purchase in the Brandon Hill study, Selected List of Books and Journals for the Small Medical Library.