S. Shahsavari, S. M. A. Boutorabi, Mehran Moradi, H. P. Beyranvand
{"title":"Formulating General Energy Behavior Laws: A New Perspective on Unifying Thermodynamic Principles","authors":"S. Shahsavari, S. M. A. Boutorabi, Mehran Moradi, H. P. Beyranvand","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06161-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The longstanding pursuit of unifying physical laws is dependent to new conceptual frameworks that can bridge classical and modern physics. In this study, we establish a novel approach based on the concept of <i>General Energy Behavior (GEB)</i> to reinterpret and unify fundamental thermodynamic principles. Here, while defining, supplementing and integrating all established materials regarding <i>Energy Structure Theory (EST)</i>, we introduce and formally define two universal laws of energy behavior: the <i>Preference Law</i>, which describes the system’s tendency to retain energy in non-dynamic forms, and the <i>Exchange Law</i>, which governs the interaction between independent and dependent components of non-dynamic energies. These GEB laws aim to unify aspects of the first and second laws of thermodynamics and offer a structured perspective for analyzing energy exchange processes in physical systems. We derive the corresponding mathematical formulations and validate them using a generalized application of Borchers’ remarks on the second law of thermodynamics. The results suggest that GEB laws may offer a useful theoretical basis for future efforts toward unifying physical principles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10773-025-06161-9","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The longstanding pursuit of unifying physical laws is dependent to new conceptual frameworks that can bridge classical and modern physics. In this study, we establish a novel approach based on the concept of General Energy Behavior (GEB) to reinterpret and unify fundamental thermodynamic principles. Here, while defining, supplementing and integrating all established materials regarding Energy Structure Theory (EST), we introduce and formally define two universal laws of energy behavior: the Preference Law, which describes the system’s tendency to retain energy in non-dynamic forms, and the Exchange Law, which governs the interaction between independent and dependent components of non-dynamic energies. These GEB laws aim to unify aspects of the first and second laws of thermodynamics and offer a structured perspective for analyzing energy exchange processes in physical systems. We derive the corresponding mathematical formulations and validate them using a generalized application of Borchers’ remarks on the second law of thermodynamics. The results suggest that GEB laws may offer a useful theoretical basis for future efforts toward unifying physical principles.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Theoretical Physics publishes original research and reviews in theoretical physics and neighboring fields. Dedicated to the unification of the latest physics research, this journal seeks to map the direction of future research by original work in traditional physics like general relativity, quantum theory with relativistic quantum field theory,as used in particle physics, and by fresh inquiry into quantum measurement theory, and other similarly fundamental areas, e.g. quantum geometry and quantum logic, etc.