Advanced characterization of ambient-cured geopolymer paste with delithiated β-Spodumene: effect of Na2SiO3–to–NaOH ratio on performance and microstructure

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI:10.1617/s11527-025-02789-5

Mohammad Valizadeh Kiamahalleh, Aliakbar Gholampour, Youhong Tang, Tuan D. Ngo

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Abstract

Delithiated β-spodumene (DβS), an industrial by-product from lithium refining, has demonstrated potential for enhancing mechanical properties of geopolymers due to its pozzolanic characteristics. Understanding the behavior of DβS-based geopolymer paste at different alkaline activator ratios from a microstructural perspective provides critical insights into the potential suitability of DβS for geopolymer mortar and concrete. This research evaluates the influence of varying Na₂SiO₃–to–NaOH ratios on the compressive strength and microstructural attributes of geopolymer paste made with 25% DβS and 75% fly ash. The findings reveal that the paste made with DβS and fly ash exhibits the maximum compressive strength at a Na₂SiO₃–to–NaOH ratio of 2, similar to that of the paste made with only fly ash. The generation of the amorphous sodium aluminosilicate hydrate phase is enhanced with increasing Na₂SiO₃–to–NaOH ratios. The highest amount of the sodium aluminosilicate hydrate phase formation in the DβS/fly ash and fly ash pastes occurs at ratios of 2 and 2.25, respectively. The findings of this study provide an insight to incorporate DβS as an alternative to FA in geopolymer binders and suggest the optimal alkaline ratio range for use in geopolymer mortar and concrete. This strategy not only enhances geopolymer properties but also mitigates the environmental issue of DβS disposal of in landfill.

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减薄β-锂辉石环境固化地聚合物浆料的高级表征：na2sio3 - naoh比对性能和微观结构的影响

减薄β-锂辉石（d - β s）是锂精炼的工业副产物，由于其火山灰特性，已证明具有增强地聚合物力学性能的潜力。从微观结构的角度理解d β基地聚合物浆料在不同碱性活化剂比例下的行为，为DβS在地聚合物砂浆和混凝土中的潜在适用性提供了重要的见解。研究了不同na2sio3 - naoh比例对25% DβS和75%粉煤灰制备的地聚合物膏体抗压强度和微观结构属性的影响。结果表明，掺DβS和粉煤灰的膏体在na2sio3 / naoh比为2时抗压强度最大，与仅掺粉煤灰的膏体抗压强度相近。随着na2sio3 - naoh比的增加，非晶态水合铝硅酸钠相的生成增强。在DβS/粉煤灰和粉煤灰膏体中，水合硅酸铝钠相的形成量分别为2和2.25。本研究的发现为将d - β s作为FA的替代品加入地聚合物粘合剂中提供了见解，并提出了用于地聚合物砂浆和混凝土的最佳碱比范围。该策略不仅提高了地聚合物的性能，而且减轻了DβS在垃圾填埋场处理的环境问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

7.90%

发文量

222

审稿时长

5.9 months

期刊介绍： Materials and Structures, the flagship publication of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM), provides a unique international and interdisciplinary forum for new research findings on the performance of construction materials. A leader in cutting-edge research, the journal is dedicated to the publication of high quality papers examining the fundamental properties of building materials, their characterization and processing techniques, modeling, standardization of test methods, and the application of research results in building and civil engineering. Materials and Structures also publishes comprehensive reports prepared by the RILEM’s technical committees.