Study of structural, morphological, dielectric, and magnetic properties of complex material for multifunctional applications

Abstract

This communication presents an in-depth study of the structural, dielectric, transport mechanism, and magnetic response of Bi_0.8Gd_0.2Fe_0.5Ti_0.5O₃ ceramic material. The material preparation employed a solid-state reaction approach conducted at elevated thermal conditions. The XRD study provides evidence that the compound has undergone phase formation. Scanning electron microscopy image confirms the polycrystalline nature of the sample. It reveals the production of grains that are dispersed over the whole surface and have sizes that are not uniform. The average grain size was determined to be around 1–2 µm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrates the existence of all of the required components, with no foreign elements. Dielectric properties are carried away in a broad range of frequency and temperature. The material exhibits a low value of tangent loss of 0.032 at room temperature. The Nyquist plot provides a comprehensive understanding of the properties of electrical characteristics that are dependent on frequency and temperature. Impedance spectroscopy effectively distinguishes the contributions of grains, grain boundaries, and electrodes to the material's overall electrical properties. The magnetic behavior of the material reveals its ferromagnetic nature with M_r = 46.281 E−3 emu/g. The P-E loop indicates weak ferroelectric behavior with a low remanent polarization (P_r = 0.0118 μC/cm²). Because of the electrical and magnetic characteristics that the compound possesses, the material Bi_0.8Gd_0.2Fe_0.5Ti_0.5O₃ is flexible enough to be used in a variety of applications inside multifunctional devices.