Spinal tuberculosis, pathophysiology and radiological presentation, three case reports

Abstract

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis are key in preventing its neurological and physical sequelae. This affection, also known as Pott's disease, should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with unexplained back pain that can lead to neurological symptoms and eventually paraplegia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, spreads from the lungs to the spine via venous or arterial pathways, causing lesions apparent upon imaging. Radiological findings include osseous destruction, disk collapse, abscess formation, and spinal deformity. While magnetic resonance is considered the most sensitive and specific imaging modality to establish a diagnosis, plain radiographs and computed tomography can provide useful information. This manuscript discusses three Colombian cases of spinal tuberculosis with the goal of increasing familiarity regarding the pathophysiology, clinical and radiological manifestations, and differential diagnosis of this rare but potentially devastating disease.