Temporal trends and source attribution of animal-contact related human nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica outbreaks across the United States, 2009–2022

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI:10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.008

Hammad Ur Rehman Bajwa , Suman Bhowmick , Csaba Varga

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose

Previous studies have assessed nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) outbreaks associated with animal contact over short periods or single exposures. This study longitudinally evaluates the incidence, temporal trends, and all relevant exposure sources of NTS outbreaks attributed to animal contact in the United States (US) from 2009 to 2022.

Methods

Surveillance data on animal-contact-related NTS single-state outbreaks in the US, reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Outbreak Reporting System between 2009 and 2022, were analyzed. First, yearly and state-specific NTS outbreak incidence rates (IRs) per one million population years (1 MPY) were calculated. Next, join point regression models assessed national and state-specific trends in NTS IRs over the study years. Lastly, the proportion of NTS outbreaks attributed to various animal contact sources was described.

Results

During the 14 years, 104 NTS outbreaks were reported (0.02 per 1 MPY). The highest outbreak IRs were observed in 2014 (0.0534 per 1 MPY), 2018 (0.0459), and 2009 (0.0389). The join point regression analysis did not identify a significant trend in the national NTS outbreak IRs; however, several states were identified with increasing and/or decreasing trends. Contact with mammals was the main exposure category (n = 37 outbreaks, 35.58 %), followed by birds (n = 31, 29.81 %) and reptiles (n = 24).

Conclusions

Continued public health resources to mitigate the health burden of NTS infections are needed. Differences in state-level NTS outbreak IRs call for focused NTS prevention and control programs.

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2009-2022年美国与动物接触相关的人类非伤寒沙门氏菌暴发的时间趋势和来源归因

目的：以前的研究评估了与动物短时间接触或单次接触有关的非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）暴发。本研究对2009年至2022年美国由动物接触引起的NTS暴发的发病率、时间趋势和所有相关暴露源进行了纵向评估。方法：分析2009年至2022年间通过国家疫情报告系统向美国疾病控制与预防中心报告的美国动物接触相关NTS单州暴发的监测数据。首先，计算了每百万人年（1mpy）的年度和州特异性NTS暴发发病率（IRs）。接下来，连接点回归模型评估了在研究期间NTS IRs的国家和州特定趋势。最后，描述了由各种动物接触源引起的NTS暴发的比例。结果：在14年中，报告了104例NTS暴发（每1年0.02例）。2014年（0.0534 / 1年）、2018年（0.0459 / 1年）和2009年（0.0389 / 1年）暴发ir最高。联结点回归分析没有发现国家NTS暴发ir的显著趋势；然而，几个州被确定为增加和/或减少的趋势。接触哺乳动物为主要暴露类型（37例，占35.58%），其次为鸟类（31例，占29.81%）和爬行动物（24例）。结论：需要持续的公共卫生资源来减轻NTS感染的健康负担。各州NTS暴发的差异要求有重点的NTS预防和控制规划。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Epidemiology 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

1.80%

发文量

207

审稿时长

59 days

期刊介绍： The journal emphasizes the application of epidemiologic methods to issues that affect the distribution and determinants of human illness in diverse contexts. Its primary focus is on chronic and acute conditions of diverse etiologies and of major importance to clinical medicine, public health, and health care delivery.