Demographic, Sociocultural, and Time-Related Patterns of Violent Suicide Attempts.

Abstract

BACKGROUND Violent suicide attempts (VSAs), characterized by high-lethality methods such as hanging, firearms, and sharp-object injuries, are a significant public health concern. While VSAs are widespread globally, research on their associated factors remains limited. This study investigated demographic, sociocultural, and environmental factors influencing VSAs in Turkey's southern region, emphasizing time-related and seasonal patterns, to guide public health strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from 86 VSA patients admitted to Nigde University Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2023. Parameters assessed included demographics, marital status, education, psychiatric history, suicide methods, time of day, weekday trends, and seasonal environmental factors like temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Statistical analyses revealed meaningful associations between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical features, and environmental factors and patterns of violent suicide attempts. RESULTS VSAs were more frequent among men, single people, and divorced individuals. Gender differences emerged in suicide methods: men predominantly used hanging and firearms, while women favored sharp objects. Psychiatric disorders were significantly less common among married individuals compared to single people and divorcees. VSAs were more prevalent on weekdays, peaking in the morning, with fatality rates highest in the afternoon. Seasonal analysis revealed spring as the peak period for VSAs, correlated with higher precipitation and wind speeds. CONCLUSIONS The findings show the role of demographic, psychiatric, and environmental factors in VSA patterns. High-risk groups include single and divorced individuals and those with psychiatric disorders. Tailored interventions addressing seasonal and time-related patterns and enhancing support networks could mitigate VSA risks. Improved mental health services and targeted public health policies are essential for effective suicide prevention.