Exploring Early Childhood Diet, Stress, Trophic Position and Dietary Protein Quality Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Fingernail Keratin

IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Hana Salahuddin, Andrea L. Waters-Rist, Fred J. Longstaffe
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Abstract

Objectives

Evaluate the effectiveness of compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) in reconstructing early childhood diets and detecting episodes of stress. Examine (1) proline's potential for identifying breastfeeding and weaning; (2) the influence of physiological and pathological stress on AA δ15N; (3) the reliability of trophic position (TP) estimates from phenylalanine (Phe) and glutamate (Glx) δ15N during dietary transitions; and (4) mother-infant trophic enrichment factors (TEFGlx-Phe) as indicators of infant dietary protein quality.

Materials and Methods

Three mother-infant dyads provided fingernail clippings (n = 43) for CSIA-AA analysis pre- and post-birth, alongside dietary and health surveys.

Results

Proline δ15N was elevated by 2.4‰–3.5‰ in exclusively breastfed infants compared to their mothers and decreased by 2.2‰–4.1‰ during weaning. Phenylalanine δ15N showed large positive shifts (e.g., by 6.7‰) during maternal stress, despite being a source AA expected to remain stable. TP differences between mother-infant pairs were minimal (−0.2 to 0.1), except for one pair with higher infant TP (by 0.6–1.5). The calculated TEFGlx-Phe for infants ranged from −1.4‰ to 11.3‰.

Discussion

Proline δ15N reliably tracks nutritional transitions, likely due to its role in arginine synthesis during infancy. The unexpected variability in δ15NPhe complicates its use in TP and dietary protein quality assessments. This variability may result from phenylalanine's slow turnover and delayed dietary incorporation during endogenous catabolism. TP is an unreliable marker of breastfeeding or weaning. TEFGlx-Phe for infants seems indicative of high dietary protein quality, but interpretations must consider the influence of non-dietary factors on δ15NPhe.

Abstract Image

利用指甲角蛋白氨基酸氮同位素组成研究幼儿饮食、应激、营养地位和膳食蛋白质质量
目的:评价氨基酸化合物特异性氮同位素分析(CSIA-AA)在重建幼儿饮食和检测应激发作中的有效性。检查(1)脯氨酸在确定母乳喂养和断奶方面的潜力;(2)生理和病理应激对AA δ15N的影响;(3)膳食转换过程中苯丙氨酸(Phe)和谷氨酸(Glx) δ15N对营养位置(TP)估计的可靠性;(4)母婴营养富集因子(TEFGlx-Phe)作为婴儿膳食蛋白质质量的指标。材料和方法:3对母婴提供指甲剪报(n = 43),用于产前和产后CSIA-AA分析,同时进行饮食和健康调查。结果:纯母乳喂养的婴儿脯氨酸δ15N比母亲高2.4‰~ 3.5‰,断奶后脯氨酸δ15N比母亲低2.2‰~ 4.1‰。苯丙氨酸δ15N在母体应激期间表现出较大的正变化(例如6.7‰),尽管它是一个预期保持稳定的源AA。除了一对婴儿TP较高(0.6-1.5)外,母婴对之间的TP差异很小(-0.2至0.1)。婴儿计算的TEFGlx-Phe范围为-1.4‰至11.3‰。脯氨酸δ15N可靠地跟踪营养转变,可能是由于它在婴儿期精氨酸合成中的作用。δ15NPhe的意外变异性使其在TP和膳食蛋白质质量评估中的应用复杂化。这种可变性可能是由于苯丙氨酸在内源性分解代谢过程中周转缓慢和饮食摄入延迟所致。TP是母乳喂养或断奶的不可靠标志。婴儿的TEFGlx-Phe似乎表明膳食蛋白质质量高,但解释必须考虑非饮食因素对δ15NPhe的影响。
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