Molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water and wastewater of the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.parint.2025.103181

Tooran Nayeri , Maryam Hataminejad , Aziz Kassani , Davood Anvari , Nahid Maspi , Abbas Moridnia

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The association between parasitic diseases and the consumption of contaminated water has been widely reported. Due to oocyst contamination, water is a medium for human and veterinary toxoplasmosis transmission. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in water and raw and treated wastewater samples from around the world utilizing molecular methods. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and the internet search engine Google Scholar was conducted for studies published until September 2024. The screening process identified 51 relevant studies, from which 45 were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of T. gondii in water and raw and treated wastewater samples worldwide was estimated at 11.1 % (95 % CI: 8.5 to 14.3 %) and 6.8 % (95 % CI: 3 to 14.6 %) using molecular methods. The findings underscore a significant public health concern, given the potential for waterborne transmission of toxoplasmosis. The results of this study emphasize the necessity for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of water quality, as well as the implementation of effective sanitation measures to reduce the risks associated with contaminated water.

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刚地弓形虫在世界水和废水中的分子流行：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

寄生虫病与饮用受污染的水之间的联系已被广泛报道。由于卵囊污染，水是人类和兽医弓形虫病传播的媒介。因此，本研究旨在利用分子方法调查世界各地的水、原水和处理过的废水样本中刚地弓形虫（T. gondii）的流行情况。对三个电子数据库（PubMed， Scopus和Web of Science）和搜索引擎b谷歌Scholar进行了全面搜索，以检索到2024年9月之前发表的研究。筛选过程确定了51项相关研究，其中45项被纳入最终分析。使用分子方法估计，全世界水和未经处理的废水样本中弓形虫的总流行率为11.1 %（95 % CI: 8.5至14.3 %）和6.8 %（95 % CI: 3至14.6 %）。鉴于弓形虫病可能通过水传播，研究结果强调了一个重大的公共卫生问题。这项研究的结果强调有必要加强对水质的监测和监测，并实施有效的卫生措施，以减轻与受污染的水有关的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Parasitology International 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

10.50%

发文量

140

审稿时长

61 days

期刊介绍： Parasitology International provides a medium for rapid, carefully reviewed publications in the field of human and animal parasitology. Original papers, rapid communications, and original case reports from all geographical areas and covering all parasitological disciplines, including structure, immunology, cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and systematics, may be submitted. Reviews on recent developments are invited regularly, but suggestions in this respect are welcome. Letters to the Editor commenting on any aspect of the Journal are also welcome.