A flow equilibrium model controlling cytoplasmic transition metal cation pools and preventing mis-metalation as exemplified for zinc homeostasis.

IF 3 3区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY
Dietrich H Nies
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The metal cations of the first transition period fill up their 3d orbitals from 3d5 for Mn(II) to 3d10 for Zn(II). Enzymes use these cations as cofactors and exploit their individual chemical features for important catalytic reactions. A prerequisite for this process is metalation of the respective enzyme with the correct cation to form metal complexes, despite the presence of other competing transition metal cations. The first step to avoid mis-metalation requires maintenance of cytoplasmic cation homeostasis, which adjusts not only the concentration of an individual cation but also that of the overall metal-ion pools. This is achieved via a flow equilibrium of metal cation uptake by importers with broad substrate specificity combined with export of unwanted cations by efflux systems. A third group of cation importers with high substrate affinity contributes under metal starvation conditions. Experimental evidence for the existence of such a flow equilibrium comes from studies using the metal-resistant beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans. Central to the calibration of the pool of an individual metal cation are the regulators that control expression of the genes for the import and export pumps. A theoretical model that deduces how metal-cation discrimination may be performed by the respective regulator and the pathway from uptake of an external cation to correct metalation provides new insight into these processes.

流动平衡模型控制细胞质过渡金属阳离子池和防止错金属化,例如锌的动态平衡。
第一个过渡周期的金属阳离子填充它们的三维轨道,从Mn(II)的3d5到Zn(II)的3d10。酶利用这些阳离子作为辅助因子,利用它们各自的化学特征进行重要的催化反应。这一过程的先决条件是,尽管存在其他竞争的过渡金属阳离子,但相应的酶与正确的阳离子金属化形成金属配合物。避免错金属化的第一步需要维持细胞质阳离子稳态,这不仅可以调节单个阳离子的浓度,还可以调节整个金属离子池的浓度。这是通过进口金属阳离子吸收的流动平衡实现的,具有广泛的底物特异性,并结合外排系统输出不需要的阳离子。第三组具有高底物亲和力的阳离子输入在金属饥饿条件下起作用。这种流动平衡存在的实验证据来自于使用抗金属铜变形杆菌的研究。校准单个金属阳离子池的核心是控制进出口泵基因表达的调节器。一个理论模型,推断如何金属阳离子辨别可能由各自的调节和途径,从摄取外部阳离子正确的金属化提供了新的见解,这些过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
9.40%
发文量
324
审稿时长
1.3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Bacteriology (JB) publishes research articles that probe fundamental processes in bacteria, archaea and their viruses, and the molecular mechanisms by which they interact with each other and with their hosts and their environments.
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