Cardiovascular biomarkers and preeclampsia: A narrative review.

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a disorder with complex pathophysiology, which underscores the need to study various biomarkers for its early prediction, accurate diagnosis, better understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential links to other diseases. A growing body of research has explored the potential of established and emerging cardiovascular biomarkers in the context of preeclampsia. The overlap in risk factors between preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease, along with findings from numerous epidemiological studies, suggests that cardiovascular biomarkers may play a key role in predicting preeclampsia, assessing its severity and determining the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.

Aim: To explore the role of cardiovascular biomarkers in the prediction, diagnosis and management of preeclampsia, while investigating their ability to improve insights into disease mechanisms and their connection to long-term cardiovascular risk.

Methods and discussion: This review summarizes findings from existing research on cardiovascular biomarkers in preeclampsia, including studies examining their predictive and diagnostic capabilities, their role in elucidating disease pathophysiology, and their relevance for long-term cardiovascular risk assessment. Furthermore, it highlights emerging cardiovascular biomarkers, outlining their technical limitations and the need for further studies to clarify their utility in routine clinical practice.

Conclusion: Cardiovascular biomarkers are becoming essential for diagnosing, monitoring and predicting outcomes in preeclampsia, enabling early detection and treatment. While some are already in clinical use, emerging biomarkers show promise for more precise and individualized care. Advancing research in this area offers significant potential to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.