Synthesis and Characterization of Py(PCL), Py(PLLA) Homopolymers and Py(PCL-b-PLLA) Copolymer via Ring-Opening Polymerization: Determination of Structural, Optical, and Biocompatible Properties

Abstract

Pyrene-functionalized poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (Py(PCL)), poly(L-lactide) (Py(PLLA)) homopolymers, and an AB-type block copolymer (Py(PCL-b-PLLA)) are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using Sn(Oct)₂ catalyst with ɛ-CL and L-LA monomers. Structural characterization is confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and XRD analyses, while thermal and optical properties are assessed using TGA, DSC, UV–vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The polymers exhibited strong photoluminescence across 380–700 nm, high thermal stability, and nanostructured surface morphology as revealed by SEM and 3D laser microscopy. Biocompatibility is evaluated by culturing MCF-7 breast cancer cells on polymer-coated glass slides. The materials supported uniform cell distribution, robust adhesion, and sustained viability and proliferation. These results highlight the polymers’ suitability for tissue engineering and biomaterials research. The incorporation of pyrene units enabled intrinsic fluorescence tracking, positioning these polymers as multifunctional platforms for applications in cancer research, real-time bioimaging, and regenerative medicine. By combining fluorescence capability with biodegradability and promotion of cell growth, Py(PCL), Py(PLLA), and Py(PCL-b-PLLA) offer a promising, environmentally friendly approach bridging imaging and therapeutic delivery needs in biomedical applications.