Unprecedented 2D-to-1D Reconstructive Phase Transition in Lead Iodide Perovskites

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) demonstrate significant potential for optoelectronic devices and smart materials owing to their exceptional photoelectric properties and tunable stimulus-response characteristics. While their structural instability limits practical applications, this same instability enables unique stimuli-responsive functionalities. This study presents two compounds: (N-isopropylmethylamine)PbI₃ (1) with a 1D structure and (N-isopropylmethylamine)₆Pb₅I₁₆ (2) with a 2D structure. Comprehensive characterization reveals that compound 1 exhibits a 6/mmmF2/m(s) ferroelastic phase transition and demonstrates stable dielectric switching behavior. From 400 to 460 K, compound 2 transforms into compound 1 through an irreversible reconstructive phase transition, which exhibits properties identical to those of the experimentally synthesized compound 1. Notably, both compounds exhibit low-temperature photoluminescence, with a 15 nm spectral shift between their emission peak. This study not only provides a new solution to the stability problem of high-dimensional perovskites but also opens up a new paradigm of dimension regulation for the development of new intelligent response materials.