Chitosan nanoparticles and germanium synergistically enhance photosynthetic efficiency, sugar metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis via metabolic pathway modulation in guar

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110566

Seham M. Hamed , Uğur Tan , Marwa Yousry A. Mohamed , Ashraf Khalifa , Hamada AbdElgawad

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Boosting crop yield and quality is critical for feeding the world's population. The synergistic interaction of germanium (Ge) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) offers a novel approach to enhance guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) yield and metabolism. This synergy led to substantial increases in guar biomass and yield, ranging from 33 % to 41 %, which correlated with improved photosynthesis. Improved photosynthesis induced sugar metabolism in leaves and seeds that directed to biosynthesis of primary metabolites including essential amino acids, organic acids (17.5–35.5 %), and lipids shifted toward unsaturated fatty acids. At the seed level, Ge and CSNPs significantly elevated crude protein, lipid, fiber, and sugar contents (r > 0.65–0.99). Anthocyanin levels in leaves increased significantly, reflecting efficient metabolic channeling and avoidance of bottlenecks in precursor accumulation (like phenylalanine) and enzymatic activity (e.g., UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase saw a >4-fold increase). Furthermore, Ge + CSNPs boosted seed phosphorus by 27.9 % and antioxidant capacity by 57.4 %, which improved overall nutritional quality. Principal component analysis (71.65 % variance) confirmed that Ge + CSNPs coordinate metabolic changes, linking sugar availability and anthocyanin metabolism to increased guar yield. This study shows that Ge + CSNPs optimize metabolic transitions, offering a sustainable way to improve guar productivity, and nutritive values.

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壳聚糖纳米颗粒和锗通过调节瓜尔胶的代谢途径，协同提高瓜尔胶的光合效率、糖代谢和花青素生物合成。

提高作物产量和质量对于养活世界人口至关重要。锗（Ge）和壳聚糖纳米颗粒（csnp）的协同作用为提高瓜尔豆（Cyamopsis tetragonoloba）的产量和代谢提供了一条新的途径。这种协同作用导致瓜尔胶生物量和产量大幅增加，增幅从33%到41%不等，这与改善光合作用有关。改善的光合作用诱导叶片和种子的糖代谢，导致初级代谢物的生物合成，包括必需氨基酸、有机酸（17.5- 35.5%），脂质转向不饱和脂肪酸。在种子水平上，Ge和csnp显著提高了粗蛋白质、脂肪、纤维和糖的含量（r > 0.65 ~ 0.99）。叶片中的花青素水平显著增加，反映了有效的代谢通道和避免了前体积累（如苯丙氨酸）和酶活性的瓶颈（例如，udp -葡萄糖：黄酮类3- o -葡萄糖基转移酶增加了约4倍）。此外，Ge + csnp使种子磷含量提高27.9%，抗氧化能力提高57.4%，整体营养品质得到改善。主成分分析（71.65%方差）证实，Ge + csnp协调代谢变化，将糖有效性和花青素代谢与瓜尔瓜尔产量的增加联系起来。该研究表明，Ge + csnp优化了代谢转化，为提高瓜产量和营养价值提供了一种可持续的途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

410

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes original theoretical, experimental and technical contributions in the various fields of plant physiology (biochemistry, physiology, structure, genetics, plant-microbe interactions, etc.) at diverse levels of integration (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, whole plant, environmental). Opinions expressed in the journal are the sole responsibility of the authors and publication does not imply the editors'' agreement. Manuscripts describing molecular-genetic and/or gene expression data that are not integrated with biochemical analysis and/or actual measurements of plant physiological processes are not suitable for PPB. Also "Omics" studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) reporting descriptive analysis without an element of functional validation assays, will not be considered. Similarly, applied agronomic or phytochemical studies that generate no new, fundamental insights in plant physiological and/or biochemical processes are not suitable for publication in PPB. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes several types of articles: Reviews, Papers and Short Papers. Articles for Reviews are either invited by the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor''s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 typewritten pages and Short Papers no more than approximately 8 typewritten pages. The fundamental character of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry remains that of a journal for original results.