Static Flocculation in Carbon Black-filled Rubber: from Constrained Filler Motion to Polymer-driven Interfacial Reinforcement

IF 4 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1007/s10118-025-3391-x

Yu-Ge Wang, Jun-Lei Guan, Si-Yuan Chen, Yuan Yin, Hong-Guo Sun, Ya-Fang Zheng, Qian-Qian Gu, Zhao-Yan Sun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The flocculation behavior of carbon black (CB)-filled isoprene rubber (IR) nanocomposites was systematically investigated under both dynamic and static conditions to unravel the distinct mechanisms governing filler network evolution. Under dynamic conditions, small oscillatory shear strains (0.1%) significantly enhanced filler particle motion, leading to pronounced agglomeration and a flocculation degree of about 4.3 MPa at 145 °C. In contrast, static flocculation exhibited a fundamentally different mechanism dominated by polymer chain dynamics, which is driven mainly by thermal activation. Radial distribution function (RDF) analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed a slight decrease (2 nm) in the interparticle distance peak after static annealing at 100 °C for 7 h, indicating localized motion of CB particles. However, the overall filler network remained stable, with no significant agglomeration observed. The increase in bound rubber content from about 23% to 28% with rising temperature further confirmed the dominant role of polymer chain adsorption and interfacial reinforcement in static flocculation. These findings highlight the critical influence of external strain on filler network formation and provide new insights into the polymer-dominated mechanism of static flocculation. The results offer practical guidance for optimizing the storage and processing of rubber nanocomposites, particularly in applications where static flocculation during prolonged storage is a concern.

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炭黑填充橡胶中的静态絮凝：从受限填料运动到聚合物驱动的界面增强

系统研究了炭黑（CB）填充异戊二烯橡胶（IR）纳米复合材料在动态和静态条件下的絮凝行为，揭示了填料网络演化的不同机制。在动态条件下，较小的振荡剪切应变（0.1%）显著增强了填料颗粒的运动，导致团聚明显，145℃时絮凝度约为4.3 MPa。相比之下，静态絮凝表现出完全不同的机理，主要由热活化驱动的聚合物链动力学主导。透射电子显微镜（TEM）图像的径向分布函数（RDF）分析显示，在100℃静态退火7 h后，粒子间距离峰略有减小（2 nm），表明CB粒子局部运动。然而，整体填料网络保持稳定，没有观察到明显的团聚。随着温度的升高，粘结胶含量从23%左右增加到28%，进一步证实了聚合物链吸附和界面增强在静态絮凝中的主导作用。这些发现强调了外部应变对填料网络形成的关键影响，并为聚合物主导的静态絮凝机制提供了新的见解。研究结果为优化橡胶纳米复合材料的储存和加工提供了实际指导，特别是在长期储存过程中存在静态絮凝问题的应用中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

11.60%

发文量

218

审稿时长

6.0 months

期刊介绍： Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (CJPS) is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included. The journal was first published in 1983 under the title Polymer Communications and has the current name since 1985. CJPS is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the timely publication of original research ideas and results in the field of polymer science. The issues may carry regular papers, rapid communications and notes as well as feature articles. As a leading polymer journal in China published in English, CJPS reflects the new achievements obtained in various laboratories of China, CJPS also includes papers submitted by scientists of different countries and regions outside of China, reflecting the international nature of the journal.