Dust devil migration patterns reveal strong near-surface winds across Mars

IF 12.5 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Advances Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adw5170

Valentin T. Bickel, Miguel Almeida, Matthew Read, Antonia Schriever, Daniela Tirsch, Ernst Hauber, Klaus Gwinner, Nicolas Thomas, Thomas Roatsch

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Abstract

Dust devil migration is a direct expression of the dynamics of the lowermost martian atmosphere. These dynamics are responsible for dust lifting and atmospheric injection, a vital part of the dust cycle that governs modern Mars’ weather and climate. Here, we use deep learning and two decades’ worth of orbital images to track the global, diurnal, and seasonal migration patterns of dust devils across Mars, providing a distributed characterization of the dynamics of near-surface winds. Across Mars, derived wind stresses systematically exceed those predicted by global circulation models and frequently surpass the threshold required to initiate particle saltation and the lifting of dust. We identify instances of fast-moving dust devils, indicating strong near-surface winds, that are colocated with large-scale dust lifting events and storms. Our observations show that strong near-surface winds are abundant on Mars and play an important role in atmospheric dust sourcing, directly informing more accurate models of Mars’ atmosphere, weather, and climate.

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尘暴的迁移模式揭示了火星上强烈的近地表风

尘暴的迁移是火星最下层大气动力学的直接表现。这些动力是尘埃提升和大气注入的原因，这是控制现代火星天气和气候的尘埃循环的重要组成部分。在这里，我们使用深度学习和20年的轨道图像来跟踪火星上沙尘暴的全球、日和季节性迁移模式，提供近地表风动力学的分布式特征。在整个火星上，推导出的风应力系统地超过了全球环流模型所预测的，并且经常超过启动粒子跳跃和扬尘所需的阈值。我们确定了快速移动的沙尘暴的实例，表明强烈的近地面风，与大规模的扬尘事件和风暴同时发生。我们的观测表明，火星上有大量强烈的近地表风，在大气尘埃来源中起着重要作用，直接为火星大气、天气和气候的更准确模型提供了信息。

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来源期刊

Science Advances 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

21.40

自引率

1.50%

发文量

1937

审稿时长

29 weeks

期刊介绍： Science Advances, an open-access journal by AAAS, publishes impactful research in diverse scientific areas. It aims for fair, fast, and expert peer review, providing freely accessible research to readers. Led by distinguished scientists, the journal supports AAAS's mission by extending Science magazine's capacity to identify and promote significant advances. Evolving digital publishing technologies play a crucial role in advancing AAAS's global mission for science communication and benefitting humankind.