{"title":"Clinical potential of CAR T cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CAR-EVs) in cancer therapy: a cell-free approach.","authors":"Vaijayanti Kale, Ganesh Ingavle","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2025.2569298","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a revolutionary cancer treatment, but it has severe side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles released by CAR T cells, known as CAR T-cell-derived EVs (CAR-EVs), are a potential alternative owing to their role in intercellular communication. This review comprehensively explores the clinical potential of CAR-EVs for cancer therapy, starting with their biogenesis and cargo, which include unique therapeutic molecules. It reviews the mechanisms underlying CAR-EV-mediated anticancer effects and presents preclinical evidence demonstrating efficacy across various cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The review further discusses preclinical data and advantages over existing CAR T-cell therapies, emphasizing the need for future clinical studies to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-EVs in cancer patients. This review also summarizes preliminary findings and challenges, proposing strategies to improve EV targeting and cargo delivery. Additionally, this review highlights unexplored aspects of EV biology in the context of CAR T-cell therapies. In conclusion, CAR-EVs offer a viable option for cancer therapy, with potential advantages over conventional CAR T-cell therapies. However, future research is needed to optimize manufacturing, distribution, and clinical application for achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy and favorable patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Therapeutic delivery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20415990.2025.2569298","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a revolutionary cancer treatment, but it has severe side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles released by CAR T cells, known as CAR T-cell-derived EVs (CAR-EVs), are a potential alternative owing to their role in intercellular communication. This review comprehensively explores the clinical potential of CAR-EVs for cancer therapy, starting with their biogenesis and cargo, which include unique therapeutic molecules. It reviews the mechanisms underlying CAR-EV-mediated anticancer effects and presents preclinical evidence demonstrating efficacy across various cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The review further discusses preclinical data and advantages over existing CAR T-cell therapies, emphasizing the need for future clinical studies to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-EVs in cancer patients. This review also summarizes preliminary findings and challenges, proposing strategies to improve EV targeting and cargo delivery. Additionally, this review highlights unexplored aspects of EV biology in the context of CAR T-cell therapies. In conclusion, CAR-EVs offer a viable option for cancer therapy, with potential advantages over conventional CAR T-cell therapies. However, future research is needed to optimize manufacturing, distribution, and clinical application for achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy and favorable patient outcomes.
期刊介绍：
Delivering therapeutics in a way that is right for the patient - safe, painless, reliable, targeted, efficient and cost effective - is the fundamental aim of scientists working in this area. Correspondingly, this evolving field has already yielded a diversity of delivery methods, including injectors, controlled release formulations, drug eluting implants and transdermal patches. Rapid technological advances and the desire to improve the efficacy and safety profile of existing medications by specific targeting to the site of action, combined with the drive to improve patient compliance, continue to fuel rapid research progress. Furthermore, the emergence of cell-based therapeutics and biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, peptides and nucleotides presents scientists with new and exciting challenges for the application of therapeutic delivery science and technology. Successful delivery strategies increasingly rely upon collaboration across a diversity of fields, including biology, chemistry, pharmacology, nanotechnology, physiology, materials science and engineering. Therapeutic Delivery recognizes the importance of this diverse research platform and encourages the publication of articles that reflect the highly interdisciplinary nature of the field. In a highly competitive industry, Therapeutic Delivery provides the busy researcher with a forum for the rapid publication of original research and critical reviews of all the latest relevant and significant developments, and focuses on how the technological, pharmacological, clinical and physiological aspects come together to successfully deliver modern therapeutics to patients. The journal delivers this essential information in concise, at-a-glance article formats that are readily accessible to the full spectrum of therapeutic delivery researchers.
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