Impact of data compression and security devices on telesurgery systems.

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 SURGERY

Surgery Today Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI:10.1007/s00595-025-03142-7

Hajime Morohashi, Kenichi Hakamada, Yusuke Wakasa, Kazuki Yokoyama, Yuma Ebihara, Satoshi Hirano, Eiji Oki, Norihiko Ikeda, Akinobu Taketomi, Masaki Mori

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of secure telesurgery by assessing the impact of image compression and cybersecurity devices on surgical performance and data transmission.

Methods: Telesurgical procedures using the hinotori™ surgical robot were performed remotely between Hirosaki and Goshogawara, which are 30 km apart, over a secure line provided by NTT East. Image compression was tested at 120, 80, 60, 40, and 20 Mbps. A surgical specialist operated on artificial organ models. Simulated cyberattacks were introduced to assess the performance of security devices.

Results: Even at 20 Mbps, there was no significant loss in operability or image quality. Security devices detected simulated attacks and permitted essential robot communications. No visual distortion or operational issues occurred, and only a small delay of ≤ 2 min was introduced. The transmission control protocol (TCP) error rates remained low, with or without security devices (0.00-0.04%).

Conclusion: Security implementation enables safe telesurgery by detecting cyber threats without impairing surgical performance. This finding supports the practical development of economically and technologically viable telesurgical systems.

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数据压缩和安全设备对远程手术系统的影响。

目的：通过评估图像压缩和网络安全设备对手术性能和数据传输的影响，评估安全远程手术的可行性。方法：通过NTT East提供的安全线路，使用hinotori™手术机器人在相距30公里的hiroaki和Goshogawara之间进行远程手术。在120,80,60,40和20mbps下测试图像压缩。外科专家给人造器官模型做手术。引入模拟网络攻击来评估安全设备的性能。结果：即使在20mbps的速度下，也没有明显的可操作性或图像质量损失。安全设备检测到模拟攻击，并允许机器人进行必要的通信。没有出现视觉失真或操作问题，只引入了≤2分钟的小延迟。传输控制协议（TCP）错误率仍然很低，无论是否有安全设备（0.00% -0.04%）。结论：安全实施通过检测网络威胁而不损害手术性能来实现安全的远程手术。这一发现支持了经济和技术上可行的远程医疗系统的实际发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surgery Today 医学-外科

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

4.00%

发文量

208

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Surgery Today is the official journal of the Japan Surgical Society. The main purpose of the journal is to provide a place for the publication of high-quality papers documenting recent advances and new developments in all fields of surgery, both clinical and experimental. The journal welcomes original papers, review articles, and short communications, as well as short technical reports("How to do it"). The "How to do it" section will includes short articles on methods or techniques recommended for practical surgery. Papers submitted to the journal are reviewed by an international editorial board. Field of interest: All fields of surgery.