The effects of 8-week creatine supplementation with and without ubiquinol on sperm quality biomarkers in normospermic and oligospermic men: A randomized controlled pilot trial.
David Nedeljkovic, Nikola Todorovic, Dejan Javorac, Sonja Baltic, Milan Vranes, Jovana Panic, Nebojsa Kladar, Laszlo Ratgeber, Jozsef Betlehem, Pongrac Acs, Tonje Holte Stea, Dagrun Engeset, Valdemar Stajer, Sergej M Ostojic
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Abstract
BackgroundNo studies have investigated whether dietary creatine, administered alone or in the combination with other nutrients, can induce changes in the physical-chemical and microscopic characteristics of human semen.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this randomized placebo-controlled exploratory pilot trial was to assess the effects of an 8-week supplementation regimen consisting of creatine, both with and without ubiquinol, on sperm quality in men classified as normospermic and oligospermic.MethodsA total of 15 volunteers (mean age 25.0 ± 6.1 years, body mass index 25.1 ± 2.0 kg/m²; including five oligospermic individuals) were randomly assigned, received the intended treatment, and were evaluated for spermiogram parameters, sperm biochemical markers, the World Health Organization (WHO-5) well-being index questionnaire, and the prevalence and severity of side effects.ResultsThere was a non-significant trend towards an increase in sperm concentration among participants receiving creatine-plus-ubiquinol, with an average rise of 7.4 million per milliliter (P = 0.22). Six out of ten participants receiving creatine (60%), both with and without ubiquinol, showed an improvement in sperm concentration at the 8-week follow-up, compared to only 20% of participants in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, all oligospermic men who received creatine and creatine-plus-ubiquinol demonstrated an improvement in sperm concentration at follow-up, whereas sperm concentration remained unchanged or further decreased among oligospermic men in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in sperm creatine concentration in the creatine-plus-ubiquinol group (P = 0.03), demonstrating an average rise of 125.4 µmol/L (35.8%) at the 8-week follow-up.ConclusionThese preliminary findings are of considerable interest for male fertility health; however, they require validation through well-designed longitudinal trials with larger sample sizes. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06202469).
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