Development of Biodegradable Composites Using Banana Fiber and Betel Nut Husk Reinforced With PLA for Sustainable Applications

Abstract

Environmental concerns are exacerbated by excessive production and degradation of synthetic materials such as petroleum-based plastics, encouraging researchers to look for biodegradable alternatives. The fibers from banana fiber and betel nut husk (BFBNH) can be utilized as substitutes since they are readily available, largely discarded, and provide the required mechanical and thermal qualities. In this work, we used polylactic acid (PLA) as the matrix to create a totally biodegradable composite that was strengthened with chopped BFBNH. To improve compatibility, the fibers were sized to match, and a compression molding machine was used to create the composites, guaranteeing even distribution and the best possible fiber-matrix bonding. Betel nut husk fibers are vital in reducing the void content, being delicate compared to banana fibers, where the latter has built the main structure. Results showed that the alkali-treated 30:70 ratio of banana to betel nut husk fibers exhibited the highest results in almost all test results, and this hybrid composite holds great promise for applications in furniture, interior structures, and even as structural materials. Additionally, because these composites are completely biodegradable, they can be disposed of at the end of their lives, providing a sustainable substitute for traditional synthetic materials.