Hang Yang, Maoxia Lv, Jie Peng, Qian Luo, Zhengzheng Wu, Yan Tong, Yanxi Xie, Jing Li, Yin Yang, Lin Zhou
{"title":"Morphologic and Functional Assessment of Photoreceptors in Anisometropic Amblyopia Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy.","authors":"Hang Yang, Maoxia Lv, Jie Peng, Qian Luo, Zhengzheng Wu, Yan Tong, Yanxi Xie, Jing Li, Yin Yang, Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105241","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) to investigate the cone photoreceptor structure in children with anisometropic amblyopia and to examine its correlation with contrast sensitivity function (CSF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen patients with monocular anisometropic amblyopia (amblyopic eyes, AE; fellow eyes, FE) and 15 age-matched controls (normal eyes, NE) were enrolled (45 eyes). Data on macular cone photoreceptor density, spacing, and regularity; retinal and choroidal thickness; superficial capillary plexus vessel density (SCP-VD); choroidal vascularity index (CVI); and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and multivariate linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the FE and NE groups, the AE group showed significantly reduced cone density (28,519.12 ± 2,853.41 vs. 35,529.21 ± 2,217.35 and 36,181.62 ± 3,081.95 cells/mm², P < 0.01), increased spacing (6.36 ± 1.64 vs. 4.22 ± 0.41 vs. 4.13 ± 0.50 μm, P < 0.01), and decreased regularity (92.99 ± 1.49% vs. 95.86 ± 1.20% vs. 95.90 ± 1.03%; P < 0.01). The Area Under the Log Contrast Sensitivity Function (AULCSF) of the AE group (1.61 ± 0.08) was significantly lower than that of the FE (1.84 ± 0.04) and NE groups (1.87 ± 0.08; P < 0.01). CSF was positively correlated with cone density (R² = 0.899, P < 0.001) and regularity (R² = 0.530, P = 0.002) and negatively correlated with cone spacing (R² = 0.539, P = 0.002). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that cone density (β = 0.701, P < 0.001) and cone regularity (β = 0.228, P = 0.026) had a positive predictive effect on AULCSF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anisometropic amblyopia shows disrupted macular cone structure, including reduced density and irregular spacing, which closely relates to impaired contrast sensitivity. AO-SLO can help assess these retinal deficits in developmental visual disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94170,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy","volume":" ","pages":"105241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105241","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) to investigate the cone photoreceptor structure in children with anisometropic amblyopia and to examine its correlation with contrast sensitivity function (CSF).
Methods: Fifteen patients with monocular anisometropic amblyopia (amblyopic eyes, AE; fellow eyes, FE) and 15 age-matched controls (normal eyes, NE) were enrolled (45 eyes). Data on macular cone photoreceptor density, spacing, and regularity; retinal and choroidal thickness; superficial capillary plexus vessel density (SCP-VD); choroidal vascularity index (CVI); and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and multivariate linear regression.
Results: Compared to the FE and NE groups, the AE group showed significantly reduced cone density (28,519.12 ± 2,853.41 vs. 35,529.21 ± 2,217.35 and 36,181.62 ± 3,081.95 cells/mm², P < 0.01), increased spacing (6.36 ± 1.64 vs. 4.22 ± 0.41 vs. 4.13 ± 0.50 μm, P < 0.01), and decreased regularity (92.99 ± 1.49% vs. 95.86 ± 1.20% vs. 95.90 ± 1.03%; P < 0.01). The Area Under the Log Contrast Sensitivity Function (AULCSF) of the AE group (1.61 ± 0.08) was significantly lower than that of the FE (1.84 ± 0.04) and NE groups (1.87 ± 0.08; P < 0.01). CSF was positively correlated with cone density (R² = 0.899, P < 0.001) and regularity (R² = 0.530, P = 0.002) and negatively correlated with cone spacing (R² = 0.539, P = 0.002). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that cone density (β = 0.701, P < 0.001) and cone regularity (β = 0.228, P = 0.026) had a positive predictive effect on AULCSF.
Conclusion: Anisometropic amblyopia shows disrupted macular cone structure, including reduced density and irregular spacing, which closely relates to impaired contrast sensitivity. AO-SLO can help assess these retinal deficits in developmental visual disorders.